Process five-stages

Most vat dyes are based on the quinone stmcture and are solubilized by reduction with alkaline reducing agents such as sodium dithionite. Conversion back to the insoluble pigment is achieved by oxidation. The dyes are appHed by either exhaust or continuous dyeing techniques. In both cases the process is comprised of five stages preparation of the dispersion, reduction, dye exhaustion, oxidation, and soaping. 

Figure 9.14 Optimal flow profiles for a five stage KNO3 crystallization process Sheikh and Jones, 1997)...

Chemical pulp is bleached in traditional bleach plants (see Figure 21.5), where the pulp is processed through three to five stages of chemical bleaching and water washing. The desired whiteness, the brightness of the initial stock pulp, and the plant design determine the number of cycles needed. 

Mackay D, Di Guardo A, Paterson S, Kicsi G, Cowan CE (1996) Assessing the fate of new and existing chemicals a five-stage process. Environ Toxicol Chem 15 1618-1626... 

Selexsorb A five-stage process for purifying ethylene before converting it to polyethylene. Developed by the Industrial Chemicals Division of the Aluminum Company of America. More than 50 installations were operating in 1996. The name is now used for a family of selective adsorbents based on alumina produced by Alcoa. The range includes Selexsorb CD, CDO, CDX, COS, SPC1, HC1. 

The synthesis of (XVIII), (XIX), (XX) and (XXI) from methyl fluorocrotonate was accomplished according to the annexed scheme. Methyl y-fluorocrotonate had previously been prepared, and was reported by Kharasch and his co-workers to be a highly toxic compound. It possesses the carbon structure of methyl y-fluorobutyrate, and the double bond in the opposition would undoubtedly facilitate oxidation. The American workers prepared methyl y-fluorocrotonate by an ingenious five-stage process from epifluorohydrin. For the above syntheses we... 

USEPA s (2003) Response Protocol Toolbox for water contamination events is the model we use (because of its applicability) to describe the following five-stage chemical site characterization process ... 

Intracellular enzymes and other microbial proteins are of increasing interest. Processes for their purification may be divided into five stages ... 

The overall process of cement hydration and setting results from a combination of solution processes, interfacial phenomena and solid-state reactions which lead to the formation of complex products. Some of the hydration products formed from the different mineral components of cement are shown in Table 7.31 [125]. Admixture-cement interactions are essentially interactions between admixtures and the initially formed cement hydrates the influence of admixtures on cement hydration is best considered by reference to the evolution of the reaction with time. Five stages can be identified [125, 126] ... 

A simplified flow sheet of the industrial process is shown in Fig. 5.1-1. In the first section fresh ethylene is mixed with the low-pressure recycle at 5 MPa and is compressed to 15 -35 MPa by means of a five-stage piston compressor. Fresh ethylene should have a high purity of above 99.9 vol.%. Further specifications of polymerization-grade ethylene are given in Table 5.1-1. 

Figure 32 A McCabe-Thiele diagram for a five-stage counter-current solvent extraction process...

Figure 33 McCabe-Thiele diagrams for (a) a five-stage counter-current back-extraction process and (b) a process involving three stages of extraction and two scrub stages...

In such an environment, we have had to reshape the innovation games in which we play and develop a more robust innovation framework in which to carry out our growth strategies. The framework describing the five stages of the DuPont Innovation Process looks just like other depictions in countless organizations around the world (Fig. 14.2). 

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