Process design organization Scope

Steam service, 426 Type, 400 Valves, parts, 412 Pressure-vacuum relief, 466 Calculations, 469 Emergency venting, 476-479 Equipment (valves), 468, 478, 480 Fire exposure, 479 Free air, 469, 474 Specification work sheet, 481 Thermal oulbreathing, 468, 469 Vacuum inbreathing, 468, 469, 475 Process check list, 35 Process design organization, 1, 2 Calculations, 37-39 Costs, 43 Manhours, 40-43 Scope, 2... 

Before the details of a particular reactor are specified, the biochemical engineer must develop a process strategy that suits the biokinetic requirements of the particular organisms in use and that integrates the bioreactor into the entire process. Reactor costs, raw material costs, downstream processing requirements, and the need for auxiliary equipment will all influence the final process design. A complete discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few comments on reactor choice for particular bioprocesses is appropriate. 

The principle of solvent extraction—the distribution of chemical species between two immiscible liquid phases—has been applied to many areas of chemistry. A typical one is liquid partition chromatography, where the principle of solvent extraction provides the most efficient separation process available to organic chemistry today its huge application has become a field (and an industry ) of its own. The design of ion selective electrodes is another application of the solvent extraction principle it also has become an independent field. Both these applications are only briefly touched upon in the chapter of this book on analytical applications (Chapter 14), as we consider them outside the scope of... 

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