Problems that Contaminated Debris Pose for Concrete

1 Problems that Contaminated Debris Pose for Concrete 

Hydration is the reaction of portland cement with water. The most important hydration reactions are those of the calcium silicates, which react with water to form calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. Calcium silicate hydrate forms a layer on each cement grain. The amount of water present controls the porosity of the concrete less water results in a denser, stronger matrix, which in turn leads to lower permeability and higher durability and strength [21]. 

Compared with lead, cadminm and chromium have negligible effects on the hardening properties of portland cement [26, 27]. 

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