Problems during Upgrading and Refining of Heavy Petroleum

5 PROBLEMS DURING UPGRADING AND REFINING OF HEAVY PETROLEUM [Pg.34]

Most of the high-molecular-weight components present in heavy crnde oils are kept soluble in the fluid under reservoir conditions but may precipitate as solid materials such as asphaltenes or sediments at some stage of petrolenm processing. [Pg.34]

Refractive index at 20°C Diesel index Cetane index Smoke point, mm Aromaticity factor (AFC) BMCl VGC [Pg.37]

Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum [Pg.38]

FIGURE 1.12 TBP, Sulfur, and API gravity curves of heavy crude oils. (—) 10°API, (—) 13°API, (- -) 2rAPI. [Pg.38]

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