Drinking, problem

Sun F, Tsuritani 1, Yamada Y Contribution of genetic polymorphisms in ethanol-metabolizing enzymes to problem drinking behavior in middle-aged Japanese men. Behav Genet 32 229—236, 2002... 

This process of learning a behaviour by the consequences of that behaviour is called operant conditioning or instrumental learning. It is described fully in relation to problem drinking by Heather and Robertson (1985), and it is quite easy to see the parallels with drug taking. 

Heather, N. and Robertson, I. (1985) Problem Drinking The New Approach, Harmondsworth Penguin Books. 

Alcohol abuse is a pattern of problem drinking that results in health consequences, social problems, or both. 

If you begin to suspect you have problems with drinking, or if people who know you think you do, seek help from professionals. It is difficult or impossible to deal with problem drinking without outside help. 

Hartman, L. M. (1986). Social anxiety, problem drinking and self awareness. In L. M. Hartman and K. R. Blankstein (eds) Perceptions of Self in Emotional Disorder and Psychotherapy. New York Plennm Press. 

J. R. Gusfield (1981) The Culture of Public Problems Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order (Chicago University of Chicago Press). 

Butters, J. E., R. G. Smart, R. E. Mann and M. Asbridge (2005). Illicit drug use, alcohol use and problem drinking among infrequent and frequent road ragers. Drug Alcohol Depend., 80,169-175. 

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