Probing Physical Architecture of Thin Films Using ARXPS

The thicknesses of BOx on the carbon electrode and of PEI on BOx increase from a one- to a two-layered sample. However, a three-layered sample does not show further increase in either BOx or PEI thickness, as neighboring BOx and PEI layers partially interpenetrate. The reason for this is the BOx and PEI layers are intermixed, and the architectures for one-layer and two-layer samples are ordered (with some degree of intermixing) and stable due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the 

TABLE 13.3 Overall Relative Thickness of BOx and PEI Layers (1-3) Determined from Overlayer Model 

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