Probe power consumption, measurement

The viscosity of a bioprocess liquid is an important factor, affecting mass transfer, heat transfer, and power consumption. It is affected by the concentrations and types of microorganisms, substrates, products, and solids present in the liquid, and can vary during a fermentation or separation process. Unfortunately, on-line viscosity measurements are difficult, especially when significant amounts of air bubbles and suspended solids are present, and thus viscosity probes are not in widespread use. Sensors that have been applied for viscosity determination (usually in laboratory studies) are often various types of rotational viscosimeters [42]. 

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