Probe molecules benzaldehyde

Basic probe molecules 13-P-l 3 Benzaldehyde-ethylcyanoacetate condensation ... 

Using benzaldehyde as a selective probe molecule for the basic sites of Zr02, Naito et al. [48] reported that there was near-100% coverage of Zr02 by WO species at 4 W/nm for materials calcined at 650°C. However, for materials calcined at a lower temperature of 300" C, they found that 55% coverage by WO was measured at 4 W/nm full surface coverage was not reached until 10 W/nm ... 

The mechanism of the aldol-Tishchenko reaction has been probed by determination of kinetics and isotope effects for formation of diol-monoester on reaction between the lithium enolate of p-(phenylsulfonyl)isobutyrophenone (LiSIBP) and two molecules of benzaldehyde. ". The results are consistent with the formation of an initial lithium aldolate (25) followed by reaction with a second aldehyde to form an acetal (26), and finally a rate-limiting intramolecular hydride transfer (Tishchenko... 

In benzoin condensations using benzaldehyde as starting material, the initial adduct, i.e. the C2a-hydroxybenzylthiazolium (HBT) compound or its alkoxide form, is readily tautomeiized to the enol, or enolate, that then condenses with a second benzaldehyde molecule. In a series of reports it was suggested that this is the result of carbene insertion behavior of the ylide " , rather than the result of nucleophilic addition. In aprotic media several mechanistic probes tended to disprove this thesis The need for a protic solvent to complete the condensation reaction (since compounds such as HBT are rather stable in DMSO ) prompted the suggestion of the intermediacy of the charged species... 

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