Principles and Thermodynamics

The basic reactions taking place in the fnmace shaft are given in Equations 5.1 to 5.11  

The thennodynamic parameters for each reaction are given in Table 5.1. 

Reaction Heat of reaction at 25°C (kj/gmole) Heat of reaction at 1100°C (kj/gmole) Free energy at 25°C (kj/gmole) Free energy at 1100°C (kj/gmole) 

It is of note that except for ZnO, the principal reduction reactions of metal oxides with CO are exothermic at operating temperature. However, the reaction of CO2 with coke regenerating CO for reduction is highly endothermic, as well as the decomposition of lead snlfate (Equation 5.10) and the roast reaction as given by Equation 5.11. 

1 - Equilibrium C0 C02 ratios for reduction reactions (ZnO represents a Zn partial pressure of 0.01 atm). 

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CEMs such as Nation remain state-of-the-art H" ion conductors in fuel cells to this day. However, much research is being done to improve CEMs in PEMFC and DMFC. AEMs as OH ion conductors are also being investigated for alkaline hydrogen and alcohol fuel cells (see entry Fuel Cells, Principles and Thermodynamics ). Such new membranes will likely be suitable for SPE electrosynthesis in the future. 

Fuel Cells, Principles and Thermodynamics, Fig. 2 Energy conversion of fuel cell reaction... 

Enel Cells, Principles and Thermodynamics Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,... 

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