Preparation and separation energy

Energy demands are heavy in gas compression, size reduction (comminution), and in those separations operations involving vaporization, evaporative concentration, drying and distillation. 

Comminution of large lumps makes use of flaws within crystal lattices, with rupture along these flaws occurring on compression, e.g. crushing. Reduction in size to fine particles involves abrasion and is very energy intensive partly because of the energy absorbed by the machines themselves. 

Drying is also influenced by energy considerations since latent heat of 

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