Precise unipolar

The consequence of these relations is that every proper 2n rotation on S + — in the present instance the Poincare sphere—corresponds to precisely two unitary spin rotations. As every rotation on the Poincare sphere corresponds to a polarization/rotation modulation, then every proper 2n polarization/rotation modulation corresponds to precisely two unitary spin rotations. The vector K in Fig. lb corresponds to two vectorial components one is the negative of the other. As every unitary spin transformation corresponds to a unique proper rotation of S +, then any static (unipolarized, e.g., linearly, circularly or ellipti-cally polarized, as opposed to polarization-modulated) representation on S + (Poincare sphere) corresponds to a trisphere representation (Fig. 3a). Therefore... 

In a bipolar electrolyzer, each electrode has both a positive and a negative face, with the positive face in one cell and the negative face in the adjacent cell. Proponents say that bipolar electrolyzers take up less floor space than unipolar ones and that they are better suited to high-pressure and high-temperature operation (which is more efficient). Their drawbacks are that they require much more precise tolerances in construction and that they are more difficult to maintain. (If one cell fails, the entire assembly has to be shut down.)... 

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