Pralidoxime iodide

Diazepam and pralidoxime iodide are prescribed for victims affected by sarin. 

Soluble 1 in less than 2 of water and 1 in 100 of ethanol. Pralidoxime Iodide... 

Sakurada, K., Matsubara, K., Sbimizu, K., Shiono, H., Seto, Y., Tsuge, K., Yosbino, M., Sakai, I., Mukoyama H., Takatori., T. (2003). Pralidoxime iodide (2-PAM) penetrates accross the blood-brain barrier. Neurochem. Res. 28 1401-7. 

The majority of casualties were assessed at St. Luke s International Hospital, which is located within 3 km of five of the affected subway stations, although a further 568 patients were assessed at five other hospitals (Kato and Hamanaka, 1996 Masuda et al, 1995 Nozaki et al, 1995 Suzuki et al, 1995 Yokoyama et al, 1995,1996). Doctors at St Luke s were notified at 08 16 hours of an explosion and fire at a nearby subway system (Matsui et al, 1996 Okumura et al, 1996) and, twelve minutes later, the first victims arrived on foot at the emergency department. A casualty in cardiopulmonary arrest was brought in by private car at 08 43 hours. In all, 640 casualties were assessed at St Luke s Hospital on 20 March 1995, with the Chapel being used as the main treatment area (Okumura et al, 1996). Initially (at 09 12 hours), the Fire Department identified acetonitrile as the suspected agent. However, medical staff discounted this diagnosis as all casualties had marked miosis and atropine was therefore administered pralidoxime iodide was first given at 10 00 hours. Miosis appeared to be a more sensitive early indicator of exposure than erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity (Nozaki et al, 1997). 

This situation changes when pyridinium oximes decompose under physiological conditions (dilute solutions, pH 7.4, 37°C). In fact, pralidoxime iodide (1 mg ml 1) decomposes... 

A more important issue is the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to pyridinium oximes. Pralidoxime was not detected in the spinal fluid of a 36-year-old epileptic man after a lh infusion of pralidoxime iodide (44 mg kg-1) (Jager and Stagg, 1958). On the other hand, pralidoxime chloride (500 mg IV over 15 min) was... 

Pure sarin is a colorless, odorless, volatile and highly lethal compound. It inhibits the enzyme action of cholinesterase, causing the production of excessive amounts of acetylcholine, which in turn affects the central nervous system. Diazepam and pralidoxime iodide are prescribed for victims affected by sarin. 

Pralidoxime iodide, CyH IN-O, 2-pyridine aldoxime me th-iedide, 2-PAM, Pmtopam iodide. Yellow crystals from alcohol. mp 225-226. Soly at 25 48 mg /ml. Very sol in water, fairly sol in hot alcohol, poorly sol in cold alcohol. Insol in ether, acetone. LD in mice (mg/kg) 140-178 i.v.,... 

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