Power parameters frequency influence

Here, is the optimal value of relaxation time that leads to the strongest RE. This value changes with the change of detection frequency. At X band it is approximately equal to 1.2 x 10 s. The value r ax is the temperature at which the strongest RE is achieved. The power parameter p determines the width of the maximum in the AA (T) dependence (Fig. 7(D)). This empirical dependence was verified experimentally by simultaneous fitting RE data at three different detection frequencies. Importantly, none of these three parameters influences the maximum RE value Afcniax) which is exclusively determined by the inter-spin distance. 

In contrast to -conditions a large number of NSE results have been published for polymers in dilute good solvents [16,110,115-120]. For this case the theoretical coherent dynamic structure factor of the Zimm model is not available. However, the experimental spectra are quite well described by that derived for -conditions. For example, see Fig. 42a and 42b, where the spectra S(Q, t)/S(Q,0) for the system PS/d-toluene at 373 K are shown as a function of time t and of the scaling variable (Oz(Q)t)2/3. As in Fig. 40a, the solid lines in Fig. 42a result from a common fit with a single adjustable parameter. No contribution of Rouse dynamics, leading to a dynamic structure factor of combined Rouse-Zimm relaxation (see Table 1), can be detected in the spectra. Obviously, the line shape of the spectra is not influenced by the quality of the solvent. As before, the characteristic frequencies 2(Q) follow the Q3-power law, which is... 

Generally, the mean droplet size is proportional to liquid surface tension, and inversely proportional to liquid density and vibration frequency. The proportional power index is —1/3 for the surface tension, about -1/3 for the liquid density, and -2/3 for the vibration frequency. The mean droplet size may be influenced by two additional parameters, i.e., liquid viscosity and flow rate. As expected, increasing liquid viscosity, and/or flow rate leads to an increase in the mean droplet size,[13°h482] while the spray becomes more polydisperse at high flow rates.[482] The spray angle is also affected by the liquid flow rate, vibration frequency and amplitude. Moreover, the spray shape is greatly influenced by the direction of liquid flow (upwards, downwards, or horizontally).[482]... 

In the following sections, we will discuss the influence of several reaction parameters such as temperature, degree of stirring, and the presence of gas/liquid surfaces on the deactivation behavior of proteins. Mechanisms of enzyme inactivation and aggregation are still poorly understood so, in the best case, the rate of activity loss can be correlated with system parameters such as surface area, power input, or collision frequency. However, the ability to control the resistance of an enzyme to inactivation due to exposure to elevated temperatures is essential for the understanding of thermophilic behavior and for developing rational approaches to enzyme stabilization. 

The rate of plasma polymerization depends on the nature of the monomer gas. In addition, such parameters as flow rate, pressure, power, frequency, electrode gap and reactor configuration also strongly influence the polymerization rate for a given monomer. Generally at low flow rates there is an abundance of reactive species so the polymerization rate is limited only by the availability of monomer supply. At high flow rates, however, there is an overabundance of monomer concentration and the polymerization rate now depends on the residence time. At intermediate flow rates these two competing processes result in a maximum. This behavior is illustrated in Figure 1 for ethane, ethylene, and acetylene (11). These data also demonstrate the effect of increased unsaturation in... 

The PECVD or plasma polymerization represents a new technology that enables the production of thin films with manifold properties. Plasma polymerized layers are insoluble in organic solvents, indicative of the highly three dimensional crosslinked structure. The properties of such films can be influenced by parameters like pressure, flow rate, nature of monomer, carrier or reactive gases, power input, reactor configuration, substrate location, frequency (r.f. or microwave). In a "cold plasma" the particles are not in thermical equilibrium. The temperature of the electrons goes up to 10 °C, that of neutral particles and ions reaches about 300 C. The monomers get fragmented in the plasma and polymerize on the fibre surface. 

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