Potentiometric contours showing

Figure 4. Monitor well measurements and electromagnetic measurements at same site. Top potentiometric contours showing plume flow. Bottom conductivity contours showing plume flow. (Reproduced from Ref. 2.)...

Cherkauer (1980) monitored groundwater near a fly ash site, operating 8 years for the Port Washington Power Plant in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. The maps in Fig. 16.16 show the potentiometric surface contours and direction of flow, TDS, S04, Ca, and HC03, along with the positions of the monitoring piezometers. The ash leachate contained various metals that were not observed in the monitoring wells, except some iron. 

Figure 1 shows the height of the energy surface in meters above sea level. Two mounds tend to dominate the ground-water flow of central Florida one near the center of the map that is 40 meters above sea level and another smaller one to the west that is about 25 meters above sea level. The general pattern of flow is primarily down the potentiometric gradient and perpendicular to the contours. 

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