Potential energy in chemical bonds

A bioluminescent substance undergoes a chemical reaction in living things in which potential energy in chemical bonds is converted into light energy. 

Potential energy due to position isn t the only type of potential energy. In fact, chemists really aren t all that interested in potential energy due to position. Chemists are far more interested in the energy stored (potential energy) in chemical bonds, which are the forces that hold atoms together in compounds. 

We refer to models where we write the total potential energy in terms of chemical endties such as bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles and so on as valence force field models. 

In 1936, de Boer formulated his theory of a stressed bond which, despite its simplicity, still constitutes the basis for most models of chemical reactivity under stress [92], In order to fracture an unstressed bond which, in the absence of any vibration, is approximated by the Morse potential of Fig. 18, an energy D must be supplied. If, however, the bond is under tension due to a constant force feitt pulling on either end, the bond rupture activation energy will be decreased by an amount equivalent to the work performed by the mechanical force over the stretching distance from the equilibrium position. The bond potential energy in the presence of stress is given by ... 

Break Up Energy of Chemical Bonds. Ionisation Potential and Affinity to Electron, USSR Academy of Sci. Publ., Moscow, 1974 (in Russian)... 

And third, energy is possessed by virtue of the potential energy, and the translational, vibrational, rotational energy states of the atoms and bonds within the substance, be it atomic, molecular or ionic. The energy within each of these states is quantized, and will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 9 within the subject of spectroscopy. These energies are normally much smaller than the energies of chemical bonds. 

The mathematical model of the batch reactor consists of the equations of conservation for mass and energy. An independent mass balance can be written for each chemical component of the reacting mixture, whereas, when the potential energy stored in chemical bonds is transformed into sensible heat, very large thermal effects may be produced. 

On the intermolecular level, in molecular crystals one is dealing potentially with a variety of interactions, most of them quite weak compared to those involved in chemical bonding. A crystal structure corresponds to a free energy minimum that is not necessarily the global minimum. The existence of a number of energetically closely spaced local minima is the thermodynamic rationale for the possible appearance of... 

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