Postoperative pain cesarean section

Midazolam can be used to relieve postoperative pain after cesarean section... 

In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparison of three different intrathecal doses of nalbuphine (0.2,0.8, or 1.6 mg) and a single intrathecal dose of morphine (0.2 mg) for postoperative pain relief after cesarean section in 90 parturients, intrathecal nalbuphine 0.8 mg provided rapid and effective analgesia, with minimal adverse effects but a shorter duration of action, reinforcing morphine s position as an analgesic that provides long-lasting analgesia (16). 

Patient-controlled epidural fentanyl (20 micrograms with 10 minute lock-out) has been compared with patient-controlled intravenous morphine (1 mg with a 5-minute lock-out) in 48 women after cesarean section (93). Fentanyl was more efficacious in controlhng postoperative pain, with a lower incidence of nausea and drowsiness. 

Finally, 60 women undergoing cesarean section were randomly given epidural tramadol 100 mg, epidural tramadol 200 mg, or saline (94). Pain scores and adverse effects were evaluated for 24 hours after surgery. In all three groups there were no opioid-related adverse effects and epidural tramadol 100 mg provided adequate postoperative analgesia. 

Siddik-Sayyid S, Aouad-Maroun M, Sleiman D, Sfeir M, Baraka A. Epidural tramadol for postoperative pain after Cesarean section. Can J Anaesth 1999 46(8) 731-5. 

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