Postinflammatory hypopigmentation

Fig. 22.3 Postinflammatory hypopigmentation with trichloroacetic acid peel...

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (Fig. 22.4) Postinflammatory hypopigmentation (Fig. 22.3) Persistent erythema Scarring... 

Benzoyl peroxide Discoloration of hair and postinflammatory pigmentation hypopigmentation (2,3)... 

Complications of hydroquinone therapy include acute and chronic reactions. Common acute reactions are irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Lesional and perile-sional hypopigmentation may occur. This is usually a temporary complication. With repeated application, hydroquinone may cause destruction of melanosomes, melanocyte organelles, and melanocyte necrosis [32]. A novel formulation of hydroquinone 4% plus retinol 0.15%, in which most of the hydroquinone and all of the retinol are encapsulated into macroporous beads, allows gradual delivery of hydroquinone into the skin, minimizing the effects of skin irritation [34-36]... 

Temporary and permanent alterations in skin color, either postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation/depigmentation, are the most significant risks with chemical peehng [278],... 

In a study of 46 Asian patients treated with a modified phenol peel (Exoderm), the most frequent side effects were postinflammatory hypapigmenta-tion (PIH) (74 %), temporary prolonged erythema, colloid, and milia. Hypopigmentation persisted for 6 months in a follow-up period. All these side effects were temporary and reversible, with the exception of hypopigmentation in one case [340]. 

Major side effects, such as persistent erythema, permanent hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, herpes simplex flare-up, scarring, or keloids, have not been reported at the treatment sites when using 65% TCA CROSS treatment. Even when 100% TCA was used, only transient side effects have been noticed posttreatment erythema, which usually fades over 2-8 weeks, and transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, which spontaneously disappears in 6 weeks. 

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