Porphyrins photosensitizers

Chemistry and Structure of the Principal Tumor-Localizing Porphyrin Photosensitizer in Hematoporphyrin Derivative... 

CHANG ET AL. Principal Tumor-Localizing Porphyrin Photosensitizer 349... 

Porphyrin photosensitization, in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, D. Kessel and T.J. Dougherty, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1983, Vol. 160. 

Kessel, D. (1983)Porphyrin Photosensitization, Plenum Press, New York. 

Dougherty TJ (1985) in Kessel D (ed) Methods in porphyrin photosensitization. Plenum Press, New York, p 313... 

J. Moan, S. Sandberg, T. Christensen, S. Elander (1983). Hematoporphyrin derivative chemical composition, photochemical and photosensitizing properties. In D. Kessel, T.J. Dougherty (Eds), Porphyrin photosensitization (Vol. 1, pp. 165-179). Plenum Publishing Co. 

J. Moan (1986). Porphyrin photosensitization and phototherapy. Photochem. PhotobioL, 43, 681-690. 

J. Moan (1985). Porphyrin photosensitization of cells. In G. Jori, C. Perria (Eds), Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors and other Diseases (pp. 102-112). Libreria Progetto, Padova. 

C. Candide, J.P. Reyftmann, R. Santus, J.C. Maziere, P. Morliere, S. Goldstein (1988). Modification of epsilon-amino group of lysines, cholesterol oxidation and oxidized lipid-apoprotein cross-link formation by porphyrin-photosensitized oxidation of human low density lipoproteins. Photochem. PhotobioL, 48, 137-146. 

C.J. Gomer, A. Ferrario, N. Rucker, S. Wong, A.S. Lee (1991). Glucose regulated protein induction and cellular resistance to oxidative stress mediated by porphyrin photosensitization. Cancer Res., 51, 6574-6579. 

A new effective photocatalyst has been obtained by association of the Zn-tetramethylpyridinium porphyrin photosensitizer with multicopper oxidase laccase. This system merges the oxidation of an electron donor [i.e. an organic molecule) with the four-electron reduction of diojygen to water, thus realising the idea of photo-driven transformations on substrates using enzyme-photosensitizer hybrids. ... 

Research advances of porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy 12CJ02248. 

Photochemical H2 with noblemetal-free molecular devices comprising a porphyrin photosensitizer and a cobaloximecatalyst. Chem Commun 46 8806-8808. 

Land EJ (1991) Time-resolved luminescence-pulse radiolysis determination of the fractions of porphyrin photosensitizer triplets giving rise to singlet excited oxygen on quenching by ground state triplet oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 61 165-170... 

Figure 3. Schematic of the energy levels for porphyrin photosensitizer (solid bars) and molecular oxygen (open bars).

The photosensitizer is hence a photocatalyst for the production of Oj. It is common practice to use a porphyrin photosensitizer, such as compounds derived from hematoporphyrin (7). However, much effort is being expended to develop better drugs with enhanced photochemical properties. 

It has been found that tumors can be detected in a very early stage of development by pretreatment with porphyrin photosensitizers. The tumor-cells display a marked increased fluorescence lifetime as compared to surrounding control cells [151-154]. Also lifetime-differences in normal autofluorescence have been detected between normal and tumor-cells. Recent studies revealed that FLIM could assist in histopathological assessment of fixed (unstained) breast cancer tissues. The autofluorescence lifetime contrast revealed statistically relevant differences (p<0.05) between benign and mahgnant stroma samples [155]. 

J. S. Hill, S. B. Kahl, S. S. Stylli, Y. Nakamura, M.-S. Koo, A. H. Kaye. Selective tumor kill of cerebral glioma by photodynamic therapy using a boronated porphyrin photosensitizer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 12126-12130. 

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