Porous graphitic carbon stationary phases

B. J. Clark, Resolution of chiral compounds by HPLC using mobile phase additives and a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 7 1883-1888 (1989). 

J.-P. Mercier, Ph. Morin, M. Dreux and A. Tambute, Liquid chromatography analysis of phosphonic acids on porous graphitic carbon stationary phase with evaporative light-scattering and mass spectrometry detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 849, 197-207 (1999). 

Chaimbault, R et al. Ion pair chromatography on a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase for the analysis of 20 underivatized protein amino acids. J. Chromatogr. A. 2000,... 

I. Clarot, D. Cledat, S. Battu, and P. J. P. Cardot, Chromatographic study of terpene derivatives on porous graphitic carbon stationary phase with P-cyclodextrin as mobile phase modifier, J. Chromatogr. A 903 (2000), 67. 

Water extract analyzed by two-dimensional LC (SEC and RP on porous graphitic carbon stationary phase) with ICP-MS detection. Two Se-containing fractions were isolated and analyzed by nanoESI-MS and MS-MS... 

Karlsson, A. Berglin, M. Charron, C. Robustness of the chromatographic separation of alprenolol and related substances using silica-based stationary phase and selective retention of metoprolol and related substances on a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase. J. Chromatogr., A 1998, 797, 75 -82. 

Xu, J.Q. Aubry, A.-F. Impurity profiling of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors by HPLC using a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase, Chromatographia, 2003, 57, 67-71. 

Besides silica, silica-based and polymeric stationary phases, porous graphitized carbon (PGC), zirconium oxide and its derivatives, alumina and its derivatives have been used for the solution of special separation problems which cannot be easily solved by using traditional HPLC stationary phases. 

Bassler BJ, Hartwick RA. 1989. The application of porous graphitic carbon as an HPLC stationary phase. J Chromatogr Sci 27(4) 162-165. 

Porous graphitic carbon deposited on silica8 is a stationary phase that exhibits increased retention of nonpolar compounds relative to retention by C18. Graphite has high affinity for polar compounds and separates isomers that cannot be separated on Clg. The stationary phase is stable in 10 M acid and 10 M base. 

S. Mazan, G. Cretier, N. Gilon, J.-M. Mermet, and J.-L. Rocca, Porous Graphitic Carbon as Stationary Phase for LC-ICPMS Separation of Arsenic Compounds. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1281. For another robust stationary phase, see C. J. Dunlap, C. V. McNeff, D. Stoll, and P. W. Carr, Zirconia Stationary Phases for Extreme Separations, Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 599A. 

Rinne, S. et al. Limitations of porous graphitic carbon as stationary phase material in the determination of catecholamines. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1119, 285-293. 

Polydivinylbenzene and polystyrene polymer based stationary phases also eliminate these effects. Porous graphitic carbon provides a highly non-polar surface with excellent chemical stability under acidic and basic conditions. However, they suffer from lower sample loading capacity and lower efficiency than conventional columns. 

Figure 7.16 Separation of prodrug isomers on porous graphitic carbon [reproduced with permission from C. Bell, E.W. Tsai, D.P. Ip and D.J. Mathre, J. Chromatogr. A, 675, 248 (1994)]. Conditions column, 10cm x 4.6 mm i.d. stationary phase. Hypercarb, 5 a.m mobile phase, 1.5 ml min 0.02 M potassium phosphate pH 6.8/acetonitrile (55 45) UV detector, 220 nm.

Mazan, S., Cretier, G., Gilon, N., Mermet, J. M., Rocca, J. L. Porous graphitic carbon as stationary phase for LC-ICPMS separation of arsenic compounds in water. Anal Chem 2002, 74, 1281-1287. Bissen, M., Frimmel, F. H. Speciation of As(III), As(V), MMA and DMA in contaminated soil extracts by HPLC-ICP/MS. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2000, 367, 51-55. 

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