Pore-forming properties, sequence-specific

The comprehensive strategy described here aims to identify in the primary structure of voltage- and ligand-gated channel proteins sequence-specific motifs that define the pore-forming properties. Particular emphasis is on pore size and ionic selectivity of the open channel. The validity of this approach is supported by... 

For every commercial catalyst an optimal combination of unit operation sequence exists for the manufacture of that specific catalyst and there will for each unit operation exist preferential process equipment, i.e. fluid bed calciner for calcination. The sequence of unit operations with the special selection of process equipment and all process parameters forms the know-how for manufacturing a catalyst product of large commercial value. But know-how does not mean that you always know why the desired properties are obtained due to the insufficient scientific characterisation of the catalyst material as described above under 2.1. Even small adjustments of the process can change strength, pore size distribution, bulk density, crystallite size etc. of the product and, thus, harm the performance in the industrial reactor. It has normally been costly and time-consuming to reach the final recipe and, therefore, all catalyst companies want to keep it secret. If a single unit operation is changed it will often influence the optimisation of most of the other unit operations, and much of the development will have to be redone. 

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