Polyuric states

There are two general models for evaluating the nephrotoxic potential of chemicals that utilize whole animals. In one model, conscious animals are administered the test compound and renal functional parameters (Table 2) evaluated over a period of hours or days. Some of the urinary parameters routinely monitored using in vivo nephrotoxicity studies include volume, osmolality, and contents. Urine volume can increase (polyuria), decrease (oliguria), or approach a zero value (anuria). Urinary osmolality is a measure of the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine. In polyuric states, urinary osmolality usually decreases from control levels, while in oliguric states urine tends to be more concentrated and urinary osmolality values rise above the control level. 

Polyuric states are divided into three main categories (1) deficient AVP production (hypothalamic diabetes insipidus... 

Diagnostic Studies. A differential diagnosis of polyuric states can be made using measurements of plasma and urine osmolality and plasma AVP concentrations a recommended strategy is shown in Box 50-8. 

Price JD, Lauener RW. Serum and urine osmolality in the differential diagnosis of polyuric states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1966 26 143-8. 

Polyure- thanes PUR Di- or polyisocyanates react with diols or polyols to form crosslinked hard or soft (usually elastic) products -N=C=0+H0- i -NH-CO-0- Isocyanates (e. g., MDI, TDI, Desmo-dur) and OH-con-taining compounds (different polyols) are reacted in the liquid or molten state... 

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