Polyurethane-epoxy interpenetrating polymer

Cristea, M., Ibanescu, S., Cascaval, C.N., Rosu, D. Dynamic mechanic analysis of polyurethane-epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks. High Perform. Polym. 21, 608-621 (2009)... 

Chen, S., Wang, Q., Wang, T., Pei, X. Preparation, damping and thermal properties of potassium tltanate whiskers filled castor oil-based polyurethane/epoxy Interpenetrating polymer network composites. Mater. Des. 32, 803-807 (2011)... 

H. L. Frisch, R. Foreman, R. Schwartz, H. Yoon, D. Klempner, and K. C. Frisch, Barrier and Surface Properties of Polyurethane-Epoxy Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. II, Polym. Eng. Sci. 19(4), 294 (1979). Polyurethane/epoxy SINs. Contact angles of drops of methanol mixtures on polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating network films. Transmission of vapors in polyurethane/epoxy SINs. 

H. L. Frisch and K. C. Frisch, Polyurethane-Epoxy Interpenetrating Polymer Networks— Barrier and Surface Properties, Prog. Org. Coat. 7, 107 (1979). Epoxy/Polyurethane SINs. Lap Shear, critical surface tension, and permeability studies. 

In this case, an apparent activation energy is determined, and it has higher values than secondary relaxations 100-300 kJ/mol for urethane-soybean oil networks (Cristea et al. 2013), 200-300 kJ/mol for polyurethane-epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks (Cristea et al. 2009), more than 400 kJ/mol for semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephtalate) (Cristea et al. 2010), and more than 600 kJ/mol for polyimides (Cristea et al. 2008, 2011). The glass transition temperature is the most appropriate reference temperature when applying the time-temperature correspondence in a multifrequency experiment. The procedure allows estimation of the viscoelastic behavior of a polymer in time, in certain conditions, and is based on the fact that the viscoelastic properties at a certain tanperature can be shifted along the frequency scale to obtain the variation on an extended time scale (Brostow 2007 Williams et al. 1955). The shift factor is described by the Williams-Landell-Ferry (WLF) equation ... 

Mahesh K.P.O., Alagar Muthukaruppan, and Jothibasu S. A comparative study on the preparation and characterization of aromatic and aliphatic bismaleimides-modified polyurethane-epoxy interpenetrating polymer network matrices. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99 no. 6 (2006) 3592-3602. 

Lei Z, Yang Q, Wu S, Song X (2009) Reinforcement of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating network nanocomposites with an organically modified palygorskite. J Appl Polym Sci 111 3150-3162... 

K. C. Frisch, D. Klempner, S. K. Mukherjee, and H. L. Frisch, Stress-Strain Properties and Thermal Resistance of Polyurethane-Polyepoxide, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 18(3), 689 (1974). Polyurethane/Epoxy SIN. Tensile strength. Heat resistance. 

Two- and three-component interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) elastomers composed of polyurethanes (PU), epoxies (E), and unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins were prepared by the simultaneous technique. Fillers and plasticizers were... 

Interpenetrating polymer networks of epoxy novolac-based vinyl ester in polyurethane systems [215],... 

Rosu, D., Rosu, L., Varganici, C.-D. The thermal stability of some semi-interpenetrated polymer networks based on epoxy resin and aromatic polyurethane. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 100, 103-110 (2013)... 

This project is oriented to prepare nanocomposites based on interpenetrated polymer network (IPN), such as polyurethanes, epoxies and acrylate by way of creating nanoparticles of SiO TiO and other metal... 

Siloxane containing interpenetrating networks (IPN) have also been synthesized and some properties were reported 59,354 356>. However, they have not received much attention. Preparation and characterization of IPNs based on PDMS-polystyrene 354), PDMS-poly(methyl methacrylate) 354), polysiloxane-epoxy systems 355) and PDMS-polyurethane 356) were described. These materials all displayed two-phase morphologies, but only minor improvements were obtained over the physical and mechanical properties of the parent materials. This may be due to the difficulties encountered in controlling the structure and morphology of these IPN systems. Siloxane modified polyamide, polyester, polyolefin and various polyurethane based IPN materials are commercially available 59). Incorporation of siloxanes into these systems was reported to increase the hydrolytic stability, surface release, electrical properties of the base polymers and also to reduce the surface wear and friction due to the lubricating action of PDMS chains 59). 

Several mechanisms are needed to explain the action of the many different phosphorus compoimds used as FRs. Some of these compounds decompose in the condensed phase to form phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid. They can promote charring. Char formation is further enhanced by cellulosics, polyurethanes, phenolics, epoxy resins and EVA copolymers, and there are catalysts that promote it. Phenol-formaldehyde polymers can be used as flame retardants themselves when combined with a more flammable thermosetting polymer to form an interpenetrating network. 

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