Titanium dioxide filled polystyrene

Selvin, T., Kuruvilla, J. and Sabu, T. (2004). Mechanical properties of titanium dioxide-filled polystyrene microcomposites. Materials Letters 58, pp. 281-289. 

Figure 9.8 Variation of steady state extensional viscosity with extensional rate for titanium dioxide filled polystyrene melt at 180°C with different levels of filler loading as indicated. (Reprinted from Ref. 27 with kind permission from Society of Plastics Engineers Inc., Connecticut, USA.)...

Figure 1 shows how the viscosity of low density polyethylene-containing titanium dioxide changes as a function of apparent shear rate [18]. Similar results are shown in Fig. 2 for polystyrene filled with carbon black [19]. 

From about 1980, there have been extensive investigations of the shear viscosity of rubber-carbon black compounds and related filled polymer melts. Yield values in polystyrene-carbon black compounds in shear flow were found by Lobe and vhiite [L15] in 1979 and by Tanaka and White [Tl] in 1980 for polystyrene with calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide as well as carbon black. From 1982, White and coworkers found yield values in compounds containing butadiene-styrene copolymer [Ml, M37, S12, S18, T7, W29], polyiso-prene [M33, M37, S12, S18], polychloroprene [S18], and ethylene-propylene terpolymer [OlO, S18]. Typical shear viscosity-shear stress data for rubber-carbon black compounds are shown in Figs. 5(a) and (b). White et al. [S12, S18, W28] fit these data with both Eq. (56) and die expression... 

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