Polystyrene structure

Source-based name polystyrene Structure-based name poly( 1 -phenylethane-1,2-diyl)... 

Figure 9.39 165-layer polystyrene structure near the end of a tear drop channel geometry [8, 7]. 

Keywords carbon-silica adsorbents, fumed silica, pyrolysis, glucose, starch, cellulose, phosphoric acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, structural characteristics. 

The number of repeating units in the polystyrene structure (1) is indicated by the index n. This is known as the degree of polymerization (DP). It specifies the length of the polymer chain. Oligomer is a very low... 

The use of cellular styrene plastics for insulation has been widespread for many years (25). More recently, polystyrene "structural" foams have been used, especially in wood replacement applications. Such use is expected to grow in the future, particularly as wood becomes less available and greater demands are placed on more efficient use of "short" plastic materials. 

In general, high impact polystyrenes are multiphase systems consisting of a continuous rigid polystyrene phase and discrete rubber particles 0.5-lOjU in diameter. The incorporated rubber particles are crosslinked and contain grafted polystyrene, and their inner structure is determined by the manufacturing process and can vary considerably. The principle polystyrene structures have been described in detail (I, 2). 

Figure 2.7 Examples of polystyrene structures grafted in 100-fon-Mck ETFE foils after exposure to photons in...

Super-high-impact polystyrene can be made from blends of polystyrene with butadiene-styrene block copolymers. As illustrated in Figure 2.4, the morphology of rubber-containing domains is finer than the high-impact polystyrene structure shown in the upper left of Figure 2.3. The subject has been recently reviewed by Aggarwal and Marti and Riess. ... 

Crosslinking could be induced in polystyrene structures containing vinylbenzyl chloride as a comonomer which enhanced char formation. For the cardopol3nners, the phenolphthalein based polymers were shown to have increased char formation because of the rearrangement of the lactide group to a thermally stable ester crosslink. Although other cardopolymers showec improvements in flammability, the mechanisms were not explored. Vapor phase and condensed phase mechanisms were applicable for substituted phenolic resins but mechanisms for the latter were not elucidated. 

In contrast to atactic GPPS, the SPS configuration results in a dramatic improvement in the heat and chemical resistance of polystyrene due to the semicrystalhne structure of SPS. With a melting point of 210°C and improvements in the chemical resistance to oils, aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones, SPS extends the performance envelope of polystyrene and offers designers another option to capture the inherent benefits of the polystyrene structure. 

Polystyrene structural foams (density = 0.5-0.7) can also be produced. Contrary to expanded PS foams, they keep satisfactory mechanical characteristics that are compatible with the manufacture of various objects. 

Valero, M.E, Pulido, J.E., Ramirez, A., Cheng, Z., 2009. Simultaneous interpenetrating networks of polyurethane from pentaerythritol-modified castor oil and polystyrene structure-property relationships. 1. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 86, 383-392. 

Figure 16 Optical microscopy image of a single silver nanoparticle track on a hot-embossed polystyrene structure prepared from a 42 pm pitch line master. The original ink-jet-printed dot is located in the drawn circle. The top images show the line widths that are measured at the locations marked by the small arrows. Reprinted with permission from Hendriks, C. E. Smith, P. J. Perelaer, J. etal. Adv. Fund Mater. 2008, 18,1031. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co.KGaA.

Utracki, L. A. and Sammut, E, Molten polystyrene structures above the glass transition, T > Tg, J. Polym. ScL Part B Polym. Phys., Article first published online 18 July 2011 49,000-000 (2011) DOI 10.1002/polb.22313. 

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