Polystyrene, living polymer 1,1-diphenylethylene reaction

A number of other unsaturated electrophilic compounds were used by Milkovich 18 as deactivators for living polystyrene or living polydienes. A characterization of the macromonomers obtained showed that the reaction of the living polymer with compounds such as maleic anhydride, vinyl chloroacetate, or 2-chloroethylvinyl ether yields the following unsaturated chain ends (in some cases the addition of 1,1-diphenylethylene is necessary) ... 

A structure resembling that of the dumbbell polymers was made by Frechet et al. In this case the connector is linked with polyether dendritic groups [272, 273]. The synthetic approach involved the preparation of a difunctional polystyrene chain in THF using potassium naphthalenide as initiator. The living polymer was end-capped with 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) to reduce its nucle-ophilicity and avoid side reactions with benzylic halomethyl groups. Addition of the fourth generation dendrimer [G-4] -Br led to the final product (Scheme 100). 

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