Polypropylene functionalisation

Polybond 1001 (PP-AA), a polypropylene functionalised with 6% w/w acrylic acid, was supplied by BP Chemicals Limited. The functionalised compatibilising agents, FC1, FC2 and FC3, were synthesised from PP-AA. An example is given in Figure 1. Further details are published elsewhere (20). 

New Orleans, La., August 1999, p.752-3 POLYSTYRENE/POLYPROPYLENE POLYMER BLEND COMPATIBILISATION WITHOUT ADDITION OF PREMADE BLOCK OR GRAFT COPOLYMERS OR FUNCTIONALISATION Furgiuele N Khait K Torkelson J M (ACS,Div.of Polymer Chemistry)... 

Scheme 14 Encapsulation of MTO in silica functionalised by polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO)...

New Orleans, La., 22nd-26th Aug. 1999, p.483-4 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM FUNCTIONALISED POLYPROPYLENE IMINE DENDRIMERS AS POTENT BIOCIDES Chen C Z Cooper S L Delaware,University... 

Similar trends are also observed for other functional groups. For instance, triethylene-tetramine (TETA)-functionalised MWNT-epoxy composites showed an increase in the Young s modulus of 38% and about 30%i in the tensile strength at very low nanotube loadings, which corresponds to dI7dFf of 355 GPa. In another work, MWNTs coated with silica and then functionalised with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) were added to polypropylene (PP). As expected, the 3-MPTS-functionalised MWNT-PP composite has a higher tensile strength than the pristine MWNT-PP... 

A. R. Oromehie, S.A. Hashemi, D. N. Waters, Functionalisation of Polypropylene with Maleic Anhydride and Acrylic Acid for Compatibilising Blends of Polyproylene with Poly(ethylene ter-ephthalate). Polymer International 42 (1997) 117. 

Fillers can be made to bond to polymers by functionalising the polymer (incorporating appropriate chemical groups into it) to enable it to react chemically with the filler siuface. Maleic anhydride is a widely used functional unit often incorporated into polypropylene, and to a lesser extent polyethylene. Alkoxysilyl groups can be incorporated into hydrocarbon polymers to increase their reactivity. 

Silane coupling agents such as gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane have also been tried, by grafting them onto nanosilica particles. Compatibilisation can sometimes be further enhanced by functionalising the polymer as well, e.g., polypropylene may have to be treated with maleic anhydride in order to insert it between the layer planes of the clay. 

In-line functionalisation of polyolefins with RS resulted in better dispersion and adhesion when blended with PA. Without modification the PA drops, dispersed in a polypropylene matrix, are large and poorly attached to the continuous phase as shown in Fig. 5a. In the presence of RS considerably smaller PA drops and better contact between the phases can be seen in Fig. 5b. 

Similar activation energy values have been reported for pure polyamides such as PA-6,6, PA-6,10, PA-6 and poly(ether ester amide)s 502570. The decrease in the activation energy values of polyamides, due to the addition of a component or in a blend formation, was observed for mixtures of PA-6,10, PA-6,6, PA-11 and PA-12 with a fire-retardant ammonium polyphosphate and in blends of PA-6 with functionalised or non-functionalised polypropylene 502570. The presence of EPDM-g-MA in the blend decreased the activation energy and significantly affected the absorption bands of solid residues in the FTIR spectra. This behaviour suggested a decrease in the thermal stability of polyamide due to the presence of functionalised EPDM. 

Fina A., Abbenhuis H.C.L., Tabuani D., Frache A., Camino G., Polypropylene metal functionalised POSS nanocomposites a study by thermogravimetric analysis . Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2006 91 (5) 1064-1070. 

Table I. Immobilisation of heparin and ES-HS onto 10 different polymers. Poljnners are functionalised either with carboxyl or amino groups before GAG type 2 immobilisation. Roman numbers refer to the immobilisation concepts in Figure 1. Abbreviations PVC polyvinyl chloride, PU polyurethane, PE polyethylene, PP polypropylene, PA 6.6 polyamide 6.6, PESU polyethersulphone, PS polystyrene, PC polycarbonate, ANPAU N-(4-azido-2-nitrophoiyl)-l 1-aminoundecanoic acid, CM-PEG carboxymethyl-poly hylene...

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