Polyphenolic organic compounds

Certain organic compounds, especially polyphenols, stimulate mobilization of clay by neutralizing positive charges at the edges of clay minerals. As iron-saturated organic complexes are insoluble, this process might be of little importance in Fe-rich Luvisols (particularly common in the subtropics). 

Wise et al. investigated a number of crystalline organic compounds polynuclear aromatics, polyphenols, diacids, phthalein salts and phenolphthalein etc. as a substitute for charcoal in pyrotechnic formulations. Charcoal in black powder was substituted by these compounds in order to probe the chemical functionality of charcoal required for combustion. The data indicate that polynuclear aromatics which do not contain any oxygen do not sustain... 

In citrus fruits and products, most flavors and aromas are produced by polyphenolic compounds or essential oils plus a variety of non-volatile organic compounds. For detailed discussions of citrus flavors and chemical composition, the reader is referred to the excellent and comprehensive reviews which have been published (1,.2,.3,A.) ... 

Contamination of water by phenol or substituted phenols is very often due to industrial activity, because these are commercially very important chemicals. Phenol, cresylic acids, and cresols are used for making phenol-formaldehyde resins and tricesyl phosphates. Phenol, alkylphenol, and polyphenols are important raw materials for a wide variety of organic compounds, dyes, pharmaceuticals, plastizers, antioxidants, etc. Phenols are also present in effluents from coke ovens, blast furnaces, and shale oil processing [1]. 

Tannic acid is not a true acid because it does not contain the carboxyl group (-COOH) present in all organic acids. Instead, it is a polyphenol, a compound with many ( poly ) phenol (C6H50H) groups. 

The analysis of alkali and alkaline-earth metals in wine, which is usually diluted only with deionized water and filtrated prior to injection, is relatively easy. An example is shown in Figure 10.224. If low analyte concentrations do not allow sample dilution, a pretreatment with a polyvinylpyrrolidone resin (OnGuard-P) is recommended to remove dyes, polyphenols, anthocyanines, and other molecular organic compounds that could block the ion-exchange sites of the separator column. 

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