Polymer shorthand representation

Draw each polymer in Problem 30.27 using the shorthand representation shown in Figure 30.2. 

We recall that benzyl halides are reactive in substitution reactions. Even relatively weak nucleophiles such as carboxylate salts react with benzyl halides to yield benzyl esters. Thus, a solution of a carbox-ylate salt of an N-protected amino acid in an aprotic solvent such as DMF readily gives an ester. This first step, using a shorthand representation of the polymer, is shown below. 

All of these chemical species have importance in the production of polymeric materials. There are several shorthand techniques for writing down the structures of polymers. The carbon-based polymer molecules using the stick representation are made up of atoms connected by covalent bonds (represented here by the straight lines between the carbon and the hydrogen and the carbon-to-carbon molecules), as shown in Fig. 2.6. To reiterate, carbon is always tetravalent, having four covalent bonds, and a schematic of the paired electrons for two of the incorporated carbon molecules can be seen in the bottom of Fig. 2.6. Thus each stick represents two electrons. For the two highlighted carbon atoms in the polyethylene molecule of Fig. 2.6, the electron representation is shown, where there are four covalent bonds associated with each carbon and each bond is made up of two shared electrons represented by the black dots. This polymer molecule is made up of only carbon and hydrogen with no double bonds, and it represents a linear form... 

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