Polymer organic semiconductor lasers

Kristensen, A., Lemmer, U., and Mappes, T. (2010) All-polymer organic semiconductor laser chips parallel fabrication and encapsulation. Opt. 

For studies of laser action in organic semiconductors polymer films with uniform thickness, d, ranging from 0.5 to 4 p.m were slowly spin-coated from fi-esh chloroform solutions onto quartz substrates. The variation in d was typically less than 5% over the film length of 1 mm [96]. For polymers in solutions we thoroughly mixed the polymer powder in good solvents such as THF or chlorophorm typically with concentration of few milligram per milliliter. Then the polymer solution was placed in a transparent cuvette with flat windows, in which the side windows were tiled to avoid optical feedback. 

Figure 15.15 All-polymer encapsulated organic microscope image of a laser (inset). (Reprinted semiconductor laser chips. (a1)-(a3) Scheme with permission from Ref [69]. Copyright 2010, ofthe main fabrication steps, including thermal Optical Society of America.) nanoimprint, (b) Photograph of two chips and a...

Solid state lasers include lasers based on paramagnetic ions, organic dye molecules, and color centers in crystalline or amorphous hosts. Semiconductor lasers are included in this section because they are a solid-state device, although the nature of the active center—recombination of electrons and holes—is different from the dopants or defect centers used in other lasers in this category. Conjugated polymer lasers, solid-state excimer lasers, and fiber raman, Brillouin, and soliton lasers are also covered in this section. 

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