Polyelectrolyte assemblies

Montano GA, Dattelbaum AM, Wang H-L, Shreve AP (2004) Enhanced photoluminescence from poly(phenylene vinylene) dendrimer polyelectrolyte assemblies in solution. Chem Commun 2490-2491... 

M. Houska, E. Brynda, and K. Bohata, "The Effect of Polyelectrolyte Chain Length on Layer-by-layer Protein/Polyelectrolyte Assembly - an Experimental Study," Journal Of Colloid And Interface Science 213, 140-147 (2004). 

Arys, X., Jonas, A.M., Laschewsky, A. and Legras, R. (2000) in Supramolecular Polymers Supramolecular Polyelectrolyte Assemblies (ed. A. Ciferri), Marcel Dekker, New York. 

The alternate assembly of TALH and PDADMAC has also been performed on nickel nanorods (average diameter 65 nm, length 1.5 pm), followed by hydrolysis of TALH upon heating under reflux (Fig. 9a). Subsequent dissolution of the nickel core yielded titania-based nanotubes (Fig. 9b) [51]. This example illustrates that the LbL method offers a promising route for the preparation of nanotubes with tailored composition and wall thickness, derived from inorganic molecular precursor and polyelectrolyte assembly. Concentric nanotubes (different composition on the inside of the nanotube from that of the surface) could also be prepared via this method. 

About 15 years ago, the first ultra (low) SANS (USANS) instrument was built. The equipment is complimentary to conventional SANS as it enables measurement to be made at lower Q than conventional SANS. USANS and Super USANS are useful for the measurement of shape and size of particles from a maximum size of 30 pm to either 0.3 pm or 0.01pm, depending upon the particular type of USANS instrument used. When combined with SANS, USANS allows the characterization of microstructure over 11 orders of magnitude and has been used to study the structure and intermicellar interactions in block polyelectrolyte assemblies. ... 

Crichton, M. Bhatia, S. Structure and intermicellar interactions in block polyelectrolyte assemblies. Journal of Apphed Crystallography 2003, 36, 652-655. 

The observed frequency changes of each assembly were essentially identical to those of the former example. These two kinds of protein-polyelectrolyte assembly processes are essentially independent and inner layers do not interfere with assembly of the outer layers. 

Sukhorukov GB, et al. 1998a. Stepwise polyelectrolyte assembly on particle surfaces a novel approach to colloid design. Pol Adv Technol 9(10 11) 759 767. 

Hillberg, A.L. and Tabiizian, M. (2006) Biorecognition through layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assembly in situ hybridation on living cells. Biomacromolecules, 7, 2742-2750. 

Opsonization-induced polyplex disassembly during systemic circulation also represents a barrier to efficient cellular targeting. The instability of electrostatic polyelectrolyte assemblies means polyplexes are susceptible to polyanion displacement after cellular or chemical interaction, such as with erythrocytes or heparin, respectively. Increased levels of free polycations in the blood, and in particular high MW and nondegradable polymers, could induce adverse effects if excreted or broken down. However, there are numerous reports where surface modification of the polyplex with hydrophilic polymers leads to steric stability with reduction in disassembly during systemic circulation. " ... 

The investigation of nanoparticles aggregation ratio influence on planar polyelectrolyte assemblies and microcapsules properties was carried out in paper. Gold nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation of gold chloride tryhidrate and sodium sulphide had an average diameter about 8 nm and homogeneous chemical composition in the whole volume. 

G. Sukhorukov, E. Donath, S. Davis, H. Lichtenfeld, F. Caruso, V.l. Popov and H. Moehwald, Stepwise polyelectrolyte assembly on particle surfaces a novel approach to colloid design, Polym. Adv. TechnoL, 9(10-11), 759-767 (1998a). 

The mean polyelectrolyte layer thickness was found to be 1.5 nm for the case of PSS/PAH assembled from 0.5M NaCl. It should be noted that the average layer thickness of polyelectrolyte multilayers strongly depends of kind of polyelectrolytes and salt concentration used at polyelectrolyte assembling. More rigid polymers and increasing of salt concentration lead to thicker adsorption layer. 

Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes assemble into colloidal aggregates of various morphologies, including spherical micelles, wormUke micelles, vesicles, etc. By far most abundant are spherical C3Ms. The structural data collected to date for spherical core-shell C3Ms is qualitatively consistent with scaling models developed... 

X. Arys, A.M. Jonas, A. Laschewsky and R. Legr, Supramolecular polyelectrolyte assemblies. In Ciferri A, editor. Supramolecular Polymers. New York Marcel Dekker, (2000) pp. 505 564. 

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