Polycarboxylic acid complexes with

Physical properties for naphthalene mono-, di-, tri-, and tetracarboxyhc acids are summari2ed in Table 9. Most of the naphthalene di- or polycarboxyLic acids have been made by simple routes such as the oxidation of the appropriate dior polymethylnaphthalenes, or by complex routes, eg, the Sandmeyer reaction of the selected antinonaphthalenesulfonic acid, to give a cyanonaphthalenesulfonic acid followed by fusion of the latter with an alkah cyanide, with simultaneous or subsequent hydrolysis of the nitrile groups. 

Coordination Complexes. The abiUty of the various oxidation states of Pu to form complex ions with simple hard ligands, such as oxygen, is, in order of decreasing stabiUty, Pu + > PuO " > Pu + > PuO Thus, Pu(Ill) forms relatively weak complexes with fluoride, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate (105), and stronger complexes with oxygen ligands (Lewis-base donors) such as carbonate, oxalate, and polycarboxylates, eg, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (106). The complexation behavior of Pu(Ill) is quite similar to that of the light lanthanide(Ill) ions, particularly to Nd(Ill)... 

Also, when benzene polycarboxylic acid compounds (31-35) were used, a 3 1 complex (39) of trimellitic acid (34) with 1, and a 2 1 complex (40) of pyromel-litic acid (35) with 1 were obtained (Table 4). Although the inclusion complexes were not obtained with the other similarly structured compounds (31-33), it was shown that as the number of carboxyl groups of the host increases, the inclusion complexation becomes easier. 

The fourth chapter deals with complexes of rare earth elements with a variety of complexing agents, such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids like citric, nitrilotriacetic, ethylenediamine tetraacetic beta diketones, ligands with... 

Curing of epoxy resins by polycarboxylic acids and cyclic anhydrides is also important in applications, but it is much less understood due to more complex reaction mechanism. Also, the statistical treatment is less developed and partly requires a revision. In this section, the statistics of curing of epoxy resins with polycarboxylic acids and cyclic anhydrides is discussed. 

Inhibition of the Ce(TV)-oxalate oxidation by oxalate itself is interpreted in terms of the formation of higher complexes at high oxalate concentrations. If the 1 1 complex is the most reactive, its concentration is decreased when higher complexes are formed. For 10 M Ce(IV) the maximum rate of reaction with oxalate occurs with an oxalate concentration of 2 x 10 M. It seems reasonable to presume the formation of a Ce(IV) complex as the reactive intermediate in the oxidation of several other substances such as citric acid, mandelic add, benzilic acid, and polyamino-polycarboxylic acids. ... 

It should be noted that some data on complexation of transuranium elements with various N-donor ligands, such as azide ion, isothiocyanate ion, amine-N-polycarboxylic and heterocyclic acids, 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, were published as early as 1950-1970 [42-77], The quantitative parameters of complexation (number and composition of complexes, stability constants, thermodynamic parameters) were determined using accessible at that time methods (spectrophotometry, potentiometry, ion exchange, solvent extraction). It was shown that transuranium elements in different oxidation states can form complexes with N-donor ligands. However, only presumptive conclusions regarding structure of complexes were drawn at that time,... 

Complexation of Np(V) and Pu(V) with different amine-N-polycarboxylic acids was studied extensively with use of different experimental techniques... 

Bidentate ligands containing OS donors, particularly in conjunction with carboxylate moieties, form strong complexes at pH values near the p/y, value for the thiol.584,602,687-689 The reduction of Viv to V111 by cysteine methyl ester in water has been found to be enhanced in the presence of amino polycarboxylates.690 The ligand 2-mercapto-4-methylphenol forms a square-pyramidal five-coordinate complex with the vanadyl cation (150) the reported crystal structure is of the cis isomer.691 The bidentate ligand 2-aminocyclopent-l-ene-l-carbodithioic acid forms non-oxo-Viv complexes based on spectroscopic studies and chemical precedence, an eight-coordinate vanadium atom is inferred.692... 

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