Polyanilines, synthesis emulsion polymerization

M. Ginic-Markovic, J.G. Matisons, R. Cervini, G.P. Simon, and P.M. Fredericks, Synthesis of new polyaniline/nanotube composites using ultrasonicaUy initiated emulsion polymerization, Chem. Mater., 18, 6258-6265 (2006). 

EE Eang, Y.D. Liu, H.J. Choi, Synthesis and electrorheological characteristics of polyaniline/organoclay nanoparticles via Pickering emulsion polymerization, Smart Mater. Struct., 2010,19,124002 (6pp). 

Suckeveriene RY, Zelikman E, Mechrez G, Tzur A, Frisman 1, Cohen Y, Narkis M. Synthesis of hybrid polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanocomposites by dynamic interfacial inverse emulsion polymerization under sonication. J Appl Polym Sci 2011 120 676-682. 

By integrating CNTs with PANi nanofibers, high density and high-suiface areas are possible that can lead to improvements in the conductivity and the development of electronic devices with superior properties [78]. The composites of PANi-CNT can be synthesized by various methods such as electrochemical processing, surfactant free aqueous polymerization, micelle-CNT hybrid template directed synthesis, inverse emulsion pathways, interfacial polymerization, plasma polymerization, in-situ and ex-situ polymerization. The details of these methods have been discussed by Oueiny et al. [8]. In-situ polymerization is one of the most important methods developed so far to integrate CNTs and polyaniline. Polymerization methods include stirring, static placement, sonication and emulsion polymerization [78]. 

Conducting polymers constitute another category of promising pseudo-capacitive materials. The most common ones include polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), and poly-(3,4)-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). This group is of particular interest due to low cost and ease of synthesis. These compounds can be polymerized directly onto a collector material via EPD. Alternatively, the polymerization can be done within surfactant emulsions... 

---