Poly 3- thiophene electroluminescence

M.R. Andersson, M. Berggren, O. Inganas, G. Gustafsson, J.C. Gustaffson-Carlberg, D. Seise, T. Hjertberg, and O. Wennerstrom, Electroluminescence from substituted poly(thiophenes) from blue to near-infrared, Macromolecules, 28 7525-7529, 1995. 

M. Berggren, G. Gustaffson, O. Inganas, M. R. Anderson, O. Wennerstrdm, T. Hjertberg, Thermal control of near-infrared and visible electroluminescence in alkyl-phenyl substituted poly thiophenes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 65, 1489-1491 (1994). 

Tuning Optical and Electroluminescent Properties of Poly(thiophene)s via Post-Functionalization... 

A. Bolognesi, C. Botta, and L. Cecchinato, Optical properties and electroluminescence of poly(3-alkylmethoxy-thiophene) single- and double-layer structures, Synth. Met., 111-112 187-189, 2000. 

G.G. Malliaras, J.K. Herrema, J. Wildeman, R.H. Wieringa, R.E. Gill, S.S. Lampoura, and G. Hadziioannou, Tuning of the photo- and electroluminescence in multi-block copolymers of poly[(silanylene)-thiophene]s via exciton confinement, Adv. Mater., 5 721-723, 1993. 

M. Passini, S. Destri, W. Porzio, C. Botta, and U. Giovanella, Electroluminescent poly(fluorene-co-thiophene-5,5-dioxide) synthesis, characterisation and structure-property relationships, J. Mater. Chem., 13 807-813, 2003. 

The macroscopic alignment of polymer chains was also achieved by depositing soluble poly(p-phenylenes), such as 37 or poly(3-thiophenes) such as 26, from solution by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. However, low polarisation ratios ( u/ x) were found for electroluminescence (3 1). 

Malliaras, G.G., et al. 1993. Tuning of the photoluminescence and electroluminescence in multiblock copolymers of poly[(silanylene)-thiophenes] via exciton confinement. Adv Mater 5 721. Kim, J., and T.M. Swager. 2001. Control of conformational and interpolymer effects in conjugated polymers. Nature 411 1030. 

Pomerantz, M. 1999. Poly(alkyl thiophene-3-carboxylates). Synthesis, properties and electroluminescence studies of polythiophenes containing a carbonyl group directly attached to the ring. J Mater Chem 9 2155-2263. 

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