Poly polarizing optical micrographs

Figure 3 Polarizing optical micrographs of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) crystallized at 240°C in the absence (A) and in the presence (B) of a shearing. As a consequence of the shearing, nucleation becomes increasingly profuse, and the shape of the spherulites becomes elliptical. (From ref. 11)...

Fig. 11.18 Polarizing optical micrographs under crossed polarizers of Poly-8 at 140 °C in cooling a before applying an electric field (SmC ), b with an applied field of -1-10 V (SmC) and c with an applied field of — 10 V (SmC). The stripes of the fan-shape texture in SmC phase disappeared by applying an electric field to give an ordinary fan-shape texture of SmC phase. The direction of the polarization in the fan-shape texture became inverse when opposite electric current was applied. Reprinted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2008, Wiley...

Figure 4 Changes in the cholesteric pitch of poly(y-p-alkylbenzyl-a,L-glutamate)s concentrated solutions (a) dependence of the half-pitch on polymer concentration (b) polarizing optical micrographs (1 octyl, 2 dodecyl, 3 hexadecyl, 4 docosyl). (Adapted from E.l. lizuka, K. Abe, K. Hanabusa, and H. Shirai. In R.M. Ottenbrite, Ed. Current Topics in Poiymer Science, Munich Carl Hanser, 1987, p. 235. With permission.)...

Fig. 3 (A) SEM images of poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene)/MWCNT nanocomposites with nanotube loading of 2.5 wt% [85]. (B) Polarizing optical micrographs of (a) neat TPU and, (b) its nanocomposite of 4 wt% CNF [83]...

Figure 6.2. Thin calcite films obtained by heating (for 2h at 250°C) an amorphous calcium carbonate film stabilized with poly(methacrylic acid) brushes. (A) Polarized optical micrograph (B) LC-PolScope image (retardance values are indicated as false color) (C) retardance gray-scale image (red vector overlay indicates the orientation of the slow birefringence axis) (D) high-magnification SEM image. (See color insert.) (From Tugulu et al. [38] reproduced with permission.)...

Figure 3.67 Polarized optical micrograph of a doubly banded spherulite in the chiral polymer poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate). Two closely spaced extinction bands are separated by a wider light region the crystal strncture is orthorhombic and the indicatrix is an ehipsoid with two optic axes. Close inspection of the vertical arms of the Maltese cross reveals dark bands crossing the light regions from left to right, indicating that the twist is left handed. Scale bar is 25 mm. From Saracovan et al. [102] with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Figure 133 Polarized optical micrograph of PLA composite with 5 wt% of hemp fibers during isothermal crystallization at 116°C. Reprinted from Masirek, R., et al. Composites of poly(L-lactide) with hemp fibers morphology and thermal and mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007,105,255-268, with kind permission from WUey, Copyright 2007.

Fig. 50 a, b. Higher-order structure of aggregates of a polyelectrolyte complex of poly(methacry-lic acid) (PMAA) and integral-type polycation (2X), (a) Optical micrograph, (b) polarized light micrograph... 

Figure 6.22 An optical micrograph of a poly(ethylene oxide)-Woc/c-polystyrene copolymer containing 19.6% polystyrene (66). Crystals cast from chloroform and observed through crossed polarizers. White markers are 250, um apart.

Figure 36 Optical micrographs of banded sphcrulitcs plane-polarized, transmitted light (a) poly(hydroxybutyrate) ...

FIGURE 6.9 Optical polarization micrograph of a 200 mg mL" solution of SPPBP (2.81 mequiv g ) in DMSO. (Reprinted from Polymer, 52(26), Tonozuka, I., Yoshida, M., Kaneko, K., Takeoka, Y., and Rikukawa, M., Considerations of polymerization method and molecular weight for proton-conducting poly(/ -phenylene) derivatives, 6020-6028, Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier.)... 

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