Poly optical microscope images

Fig. 84 Comparison of fluorescence and optical microscopic images of poly(butyl methacrylate) PBMA (a) and (c), and poly(ethyl methacrylate) PEMA (b) and (d) target polymer sin-face following 355-nm laser-induced molecular transfer of pyrene contained in triazene polymer. Irradiation dose 5 pulses, 200 mj cm-2. The bar denotes 100 jltm in each case. REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF [Ref. 360], COPYRIGHT (1998) Elsevier Science...

Figure 4. Optical microscopic image of poly(acrylamide) micropatterned PLA films (scale bar 100 pm).

Figure 3.78. Scanning electron microscope images of a coin manufactured by TP initiated polymerization of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate in the presence of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) as binder and 167 as TP initiator using a frequency-doubled Nd YAG microlaser (0.5-ns pulses, 6.5-kHz repetition rate, wavelength 532 nm, average power 1.2 mW, 1.8-mm focal spot) (a) overview and (b) part of the coin with larger magnification. (From Ref. [136] with permission of the Optical Society of America.)...

Figure 10.5 Spherulites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) grown at 162.5°C as imaged in the polarising optical microscope. In (a) the light is plane-polarised whereas in (b) it is circularly polarised.

An example of a study conducted using a tensile stage in the SEM is the evaluation of the ductile failure of poly(vinyl chloride) [534] in which stamped dumbbell shaped pieces of polymer from 1 mm thick sheets were extended to a neck in an Instron tester and then strained in the SEM. Low accelerating voltage was used for imaging of the uncoated specimens. These experiments showed that, after neck formation, fracture occurs by crack propagation from a flaw or cavity within the surface craze. The in situ deformation of amorphous polymers by shear deformation and craze growth has been observed in optical microscope studies by Donald and Kramer [509]. Thin films of various... 

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