Poly mechanical output

Lee et al. (2005) employed flie PEDOT/PSS treated with a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent as the electrodes of all polymer bimorph cantilevers in which the piezoelectric polymer poly(vinyUdene fluoride) (PVDF) was used as the active layers, as shown in Fig. 27. They compared flic mechanical output of the bimorph cantilevers with the PEDOT/PSS (DMSO) electrodes and that of the inorganic electrodes such as platinum (Pt) and indium tin oxide (TTO). The cantilever with... 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

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