Polarization protein accumulation

Figures 12a-d present the surface appearances of copper-2% zinc alloy exposed to the phosphated-saline albumin-globulin-fibrinogen solution. The as-immersed surface (Figures 12a-b) exhibited a protein layer, protein accumulation, and copper chloride phosphates as corrosion products. Polarization at —0.3 V eliminated the outer surfaces of protein accumulation and of corrosion products. Only the underlying protein layer was observed (Figure 11c). Polarization at -0.5 V desorbed most of the protein (Figure lid).

In filtration processes for the extracorporeal treatment of renal failure, partially rejeeted proteins accumulate at the membrane separation layer [i.e., concentration polarization (CP) phenomena occur] to an extent that depends on protein eoncentralion in the bulk blood, and the fluid dynamics of the blood compartment. Higher protein concentrations at the membrane surface cause the membrane sieving coefficient to be higher than that expeeted, based on the intrinsic membrane separation properties. However, once the latter are known, the actual sieving coefficient can be estimated from the operating conditions and module geometry as follows (Klein et al., 1978) ... 

The concentrations of PFAs in environments have increased sharply over time (Holmstrom et al., 2005). The sorption/accumulation and fate of PFAs differ from classical chlorinated and brominated POPs in that perfluorinated molecules have surfactant characteristics (i.e., having polar and nonpolar domains) and oleophobic properties. Thus, PFAs is likely to bind to serum protein rather than lipid in tissues (Jones et al., 2003). 

Because of the unique structure of a lipoid matrix consisting of phospholipids and embedded proteins, the interaction of drag molecules with polar head groups, apolar hydrocarbons, or both, can induce several changes in the membrane. Consequently, the drag behavior is changed (diffusion, accumulation, and conformation) [136]. 

Neuropathology of Alzheimer s is also defined by accumulation of another form of insoluble protein, the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). NFTs are fibrillar structures largely composed of tau, a microtubule-binding protein that stabilises the microtubule tracts necessary for vesicular trafficking, endo- and exocytosis and axonal polarity. No tau mutations have yet been identified... 

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