Polarization doping induced

Fig.5. Chlorine-doping-induced absorption spectra of [Pt(en)2][Pt(en)2Cl2] (0104)4 for the polarization parallel to the chain axis at room temperature. The numbers are the reaction time in hours with the chlorine gas of 1 atom. 

Zanella, S. Guerini, S.B. Fagan, J. Mendes, A.G. Souza, Chemical doping-induced gap opening and spin polarization in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 77, 073404 (2008)... 

Also, from Fig. 5 it appears that the anodic current density with n-type Si is extremely low due to the buildup of the depletion layer with a more than 1 Mf2 resistance. In fact, obtaining a few mA cm with n-type Si in the dark needs a very high polarization potential, up to 6-10 V so as to induce breakdown within the highly resistant depletion layer. Nevertheless, PS structure can be obtained on n-type Si, either using heavily doped samples, alternatively under light activated silicon surfaces. 

The enhanced chirality by doping SmC with BSMs can be explained qualitatively in the same way as in the N phase. However, the situation is more complicated in SmC because of spontaneous polarization and flexoelectric effect, and (3) must be replaced by an equation including such effects. Actually, the contribution of flexoelectric effect has been discussed by Gorecka et al. [4]. The other important effect is caused by the fact that the BSMs are in the tilted smectic phase. As mentioned above, the tilt of BSMs induces chirality as observed in the B2 phase. 

Dispersions of nanoparticles in ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) predominantly focused on induced or altered electro-optic effects, but also on the alignment of FLCs. Raina and co-workers reported on a gradual decrease of the dielectric permittivity, e, by doping with SiC>2 nanoparticles at frequencies up to 1 kHz and a rather minor increase of as well as an increase in optical transmission at frequencies above 2 kHz [279]. Liang et al. used BaTiC>3 nanoparticles (31 nm in diameter after grinding commercially available 90 nm nanoparticles Aldrich) and showed, perhaps expectably, a twofold increase in the spontaneous polarization... 

A closely related phenomenon induced by linearly polarized light was found independently by Gibbons et al., who employed a polyimide (PI) film doped with azobenzene molecules as a dichroic dye and showed that the direction of homogeneous... 

Now we turn to the measurements in zz polarization configuration. For our crystal two lines of Aig symmetry at 232 and 448 cm"1 are observed at room temperature as shown in Fig. 3. The disadvantage of the Sr-doped La2Ni04 system is that the dopant positions are fixed at relatively high temperature and may be random. At room temperature we do not see any dopant-induced extra features in the low frequency part of the spectra. The line shape of the Ni-0(2) bond stretching mode at 448 cm 1 is asymmetric. This asymmetry can be explained by a random distribution of holes on oxygen above Tco. 

Figure 9.2 Polarization-isotropic photo-induced light scattering in strontium-barium-niobate doped with 0.66 mol% Cerium (SBN61 Ce). Strongly amplified scattered light occurs in a wide solid angle opposite to the polar c-axis. The label denotes the apex angle measured with respect to the directly transmitted laser beam in air. Ap = 632.8 nm, Ep c. The insets show a photograph of the sbn crystal (left) and the schematic setup of the experiment (right), respectively.

Figure 9.3 Polarization-isotropic photo-induced light scattering in strontium-barium-niobate doped with 0.66mol% Cerium at different times of illumination. Here, the wavelength Ap =...

In the cuprates the phonon modes that modulate the Cu-0 bondlength induce similar charge transfer. It was found10, however, that the direction of the electronic polarization was opposite of the ionic polarization when the cuprates are doped with holes, and the electronic polarization is strongly dependent on the wavevector q. Fig. 1 shows the effective charge of oxygen as a function of q, calculated for the two-band Hubbard model with a frozen phonon,... 

A chiral photochromic thioindigo T-l was reported by Lemieux et al. When it was doped in racemic LC T-2, it successfully altered the spontaneous polarization of the induced ferroelectric LC (Sc ) by photochemical E-Z isomerization [91,92]. 

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