Polarization, degree

Fig. 10. Polarization degree (P) as a function of the pH of the medium in aqueous solutions.

Table 15.1 Effect of magnetic processing on polarization degrees (p-values) of luminescence for monolayer films consisting of Q-Zni xMnxS (x = 0.10).

Fig. 12. Optical pumping of molecules saturation of absorption, resulting in a less than linear increase of fluorescence intensity with exciting laser intensity (left scale) and a decrease of polarization degree (right scale), detected for Naj fluorescence excited by the 4880 A argon laser line. (From DruUinger, R.E., Zare, R.N., ref. 320) ...

Table 3.5. The dependence of the intensity, anisotropy of polarization degree of polarization V and degree of circularity C on the pumping parameter x at the classical limit J — oo...

Second, the velocity distribution function (VDF) of hot electrons was directly measured to clarify the energy deposition process using X-ray line polarization spectroscopy. When the plasma has electromagnetic field anisotropy, polarized X-rays corresponding to the magnetic quantum number are emitted. In the case of polarization spectroscopy in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) [21], the polarization degree P is generally defined by... 

We report on polarization sensitive microphotoluminescence studies of wurtzite type GaN/AlN quantum dots grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Typical linearly polarization degree of photoluminescence is about 0.06. Photoluminescence intensity of some particular samples decreases over time under continuous-wave excitation on a timescale of minutes. Emission of such samples is linearly polarized with polarization degree of about 0.15. Possible reasons of the observed behavior are discussed. 

The PL spectra of the sample 417 at orthogonal directions of polarization are shown on Fig. 2. It is seen, that its photoluminescence is linearly polarized with the polarization degree P = 0.15, which was defined as... 

PL of nanorods is partially polarized and the degree of polarization is nearly field-independent. The difference of the polarization degree from left and right sides of PL band makes evident that PL spectrum has a complex structure (Fig. 2b). 

As an example of the use of two-photon spectroscopy in assigning excited states that are not observed in one-photon UV spectroscopy, the two-photon absorption spectrum of naphthalene is shown in Figure 1.17. Since for the point group all Bg states have a theoretical polarization degree of H = 3/2, the polarization measurement reveals immediately a Bg state near 42,000 cm . In the two-photon absorption spectrum this shows up only as a shoulder, whereas the maximum at 44,500 cm" can be assigned to an Ag state. Neither state is prominent in the one-photon spectrum. 

Figure 1.17. The two-photon absorption spectrum of naphthalene. The absorption cross section in arbitrary units and the polarization degree fl are shown. For comparison the one-photon absorption spectrum is given by a dotted line (by permission from Dick et al., 1981).

SN2003gf) or peculiar Ic (SN2002ap, maybe hypernova, see below) supernovae, th polarization degree is large, of order of 1-2%. The degree of polarization tends to increase with time (i.e. as more and more deeper layers of the ejecta become transparent). This suggests the relation of asymmetric supernova explosion to pulsar kicks and, in extreme cases, to GRB explosions (see below). 

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