Polar covalent bonding Creating partial charges

Unlike charges attract, and like charges repel each other. The uneven distribution of electrons in a molecule can result in a pair of partial charges, represented by 6+ and 6- or by H— , a dipole moment arrow with the plus end indicated. Polar covalent bonds create... 

The inductive effect is the polarization of electron density transmitted through covalent bonds by a nearby atom of higher electronegativity. We see the operation of the inductive effect when we compare the acidities of acetic acid (p 4.76) and trifluoroacetic acid (pA 0.23). Fluorine is more electronegative than carbon and polarizes the electrons of the C—F bond, creating a partial positive charge on the carbon of the —CF3 group. The... 

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