Poekilocerus bufonius

American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) male attractant (OD-R) Monarch butterfly (Datums plexippus), defence grasshopper (Poekilocerus bufonius) defence (squirts) (derived from plant) Ant (Acanthomyops claviger) defence bee (Oxaea) male territory marker (OD-R) [antiseptic]... 

Rothschild, M. (1966) Experiments with captive predators and the poisonous grasshopper, Poekilocerus bufonius. Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 31, 32-3. 

The North African aposematic grasshopper, Poekilocerus bufonius, like the monarch butterfly, also feeds on milkweeds and accumulates the cardenolides. Unlike the monarch, the grasshopper ejects the cardenolide materials as a noxious foam from specially located poison glands (Seiber et al., 1984). 

Cardiac glycosides occur in several famihes of higher plants, e.g., Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, and Scrophulariaceae. Cardeno-lides are the most widespread derivatives. Bufadienolides have been isolated from only a few genera, e.g., Scilla (Liliaceae) and Helleborus (Ranunculaceae). In addition cardenolides are synthesized in certain beetles and bufadienolides in toads Bufo sp.). The cardenolides found in the locust Poekilocerus bufonius the butterfly Danaus plexippus and several other animals are derived from cardiac glycosides taken up with the diet (E 5.1). 

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