Pn- -3-glucoside

Figure 3.18 Direct-infusion ESI-MS/MS product ion spectra of anthocyanin dimers composed of Mv-glucoside with (A) Mv-3-glucoside (m/z 985, MvMv + 2G) and (B) Pn-3-glucoside (m/z 955, MvPn+2G) identified in grape skin (ESI needle, orifice, and ring potentials at 5000, 150, and 250V, respectively collision gas N2 collision energy 30-60 V). (Reproduced from J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 7144—7151, Vidal et al., with permission of American Chemical Society)...

Cy-3-(2-glucosyl)rutinoside, 3-glucoside, 3-rutlnoside, 3-sophroside, 3-sambubioside, Pn-3-glucoside and other pigments... 

Cy-3-glucoside, 3-(6-malonylglucoside), Dp and Pn-3-glucosides, pyranoanthocyanins Pg-3-diglucoside, Dp-3-glucoside Cy-3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside... 

Onion Allium cepa Cy-3-(malonoyl)glucoside-5-glucoslde, 3-(3-acetoyl)glucoside, glucoside, 3-galactoside, 3-laminaribioside, Pn-3-glucoside... 

Maize Zea mays Cy, Pg and Pn-3-glucosides (free and acylated by malonic acid)... 

Black rice Oryza sativa Cy and Pn-3-glucoside, Cy-diglucoside... 

Fig. 2.101. Chromatograms of Cabernet Sauvignon and TempraniUo wines recorded at 520 nm. Peak identification Df-3-GL = delphinidin-3-O-glucoside Cy-3-Gl = cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Pt-3-Gl = petunidin-3-O-glucoside Pn-3-Gl = peonidin-3-O-glucoside Mv-3-Gl = maMdin-3-O-glucoside Pn-3-Gl-Ac = paeonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside Mv-3-Gl-Ac = maMdin-3-O-acetylglucoside Pn-3-Gl-Cm = peonidin-3-coumaroylglucoside Mv-3-Gl-Cm = malvidin-3-coumarylglucoside. Reprinted with permission from E. Revilla et al. [235].

The anthocyanins adsorbed onto the yeast cell walls were recovered from the lees of each wine in preparation. These were washed with distilled water and then extracted with formic acid methanol, as well as samples of the finished wines were analysed spectrophotometrically to determine colour, and by HPLC-ESI-MS/HPLC-DAD to confirm and evaluate their anthocyanin content. The following anthocyanins were identified in both wines and cell wall adsorbates delphinidin (D), cyanidin (Cy), petunidin (Pt), peonidin (Pn) and malvidin (M), as their 3-glucoside (3G), pyruvic (Py), acetyl glucoside (6Ac), cinnamoyl p-coumaryl (6Cm) and caffeyl (6CaQ) glucoside derivates. 

Dp-3-rutlnoslde, 3-glucoside, Cy-3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside, Pt-3-rutinoside, Pn-3-rutinoslde... 

Cy, Dp, Pt, Pn and Mv-3-(p-coumaroyl)glucosides-5-glucosides, 3,5-diglucosides, 3-p-coumaroylglucosides, 3-glucosides... 

Cy-3-rutinoside, 3-glucoside, Pn-3-rutinoslde, 3-glucoside Pg and Cy-3-glucosides, their succinates, 3,5-diglucosides... 

Potatoes Solanum tuberosum Pg, Cy, Pn, Dp, Pt and Mv-5-(p-coumaroyl)glucoside-3-rutinoside, Pg, Cy, Dp and Pt-3-rhamnosylglucosides, Pg and Pn-3-(p-coumaroyl)rutinosides-5-glucosides, 3-(feruloyl)rutinoside-5-glucoside... 

Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Cy and Pn-3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, Cy and... 

Anthocyanins are also present in other parts of grapevine. Thus, leaves are rich in anthocyans when they turn red in autumn. The 3-glucosides of Cy, Pn, and Mv are the most abundant anthocyanins [69] however, those of Dp and Pt are also present, as are the 3-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucosides of the five anthocyanidins and the 3-(6-acetyl)-glucosides of Cy and Pn [70]. On the other hand, Mv-3-glucoside and its caffeoyl and p-coumaroyl derivatives are the most abundant anthocyanins in stalks, shoots, and stems [69]. 

Table 3.11 Oligomeric anthocyanins identified in Shiraz grape skin. F, fragment ion M molecular ion. Dp, delphinidin Cy, cyanidin Pt, petunidin Pn, peonidin Mv, malvidin G, glucose, pCG, p-coumaroyl glucoside (Vidal et al., 2004).

PMP) and pyridoxine-5 -phosphate (PNP) are also widely distributed in animal and plant tissues. Glycosylated forms of pyridoxine are commonly found in plants (8). The major glycosylated form of vitamin in plants is 5 -0-p-D glucopyra-nosyl pyridoxine (PN-glucoside) (8). The oxidized metabolites of pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid, and the corresponding lactone are designated 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) and 4-pyridoxolactone (4-PA lactone), respectively. 

PL, PLP, PM, PMP, PN, PN-glucoside Perkin Ehner 3 (iM ODS ternary SP with 0.033M potassium phosphate (pH 2.2) 8 mM S8S and propanoL FI (330/400) Bisulfite post-C Frozen broccoli, pork chops, cow s irtilk 8,94... 

Nakano et al. compared the bioavailability of PN and PN-glucoside by administration of the respective deuterium-labeled vitamers to healthy volunteers (157). Urine samples were collected for 48 h after administration of the dose, and 4-PA was isolated as described by Hachey et al. (155) and evaporated to dryness. Isolated 4-PA was converted to the 3-0-acetyl-4-PA lactone derivative, and GC-MS analysis was performed in the electron capture negative ionization mode with SIM at mh 207 and 209 for the nonlabeled and PH2] 4-PA lactone derivatives, respectively. Using this technique, Nakano et al. found that the bioavailability of PN-glucoside was about 50% relative to PN. 

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