Plutonium determination dioxide

Mild to severe chronic nephritis was observed in Sprague-Dawley rats following a single intraperitoneal injection of 2x10 pCi (7.4x10 Bq) plutonium-239 dioxide (Sanders 1973a). However, the statistical significance of these renal effects could not be determined based on the reported data. In addition, renal nephritis may be a common occurrence in the strain of rats used in this study. 

Livingston and Cochran [50] collected large seawater samples by using a cable-supported electrical pumping system for subsequent determination of thorium, americium, and plutonium isotopes. Particles were removed by filtration and actinides were collected by absorption on manganese dioxide-coated filters. The samples were then analysed by standard radiochemical and a spec-trometric techniques. 

We have determined that plutonium dioxide does not react with molten nitrates under the same conditions that uranium dioxide does. We have also determined that plutonium dioxide is not soluble in molten nitrates with the addition of 100% nitric acid vapor under conditions which did produce soluble uranium. This observation must be further verified under the various conditions which can produce the soluble uranium species. 

Semiempirical calculations of free energies and enthalpies of hydration derived from an electrostatic model of ions with a noble gas structure have been applied to the ter-valent actinide ions. A primary hydration number for the actinides was determined by correlating the experimental enthalpy data for plutonium(iii) with the model. The thermodynamic data for actinide metals and their oxides from thorium to curium has been assessed. The thermodynamic data for the substoicheiometric dioxides at high temperatures has been used to consider the relative stabilities of valence states lower than four and subsequently examine the stability requirements for the sesquioxides and monoxides. Sequential thermodynamic trends in the gaseous metals, monoxides, and dioxides were examined and compared with those of the lanthanides. A study of the rates of actinide oxidation-reduction reactions showed that, contrary to previous reports, the Marcus equation ... 

W. K. Hollis, J. B. Rubin, A. M. Martinez, C.M. Taylor, K. V. Wilson, M. Jasperson and J. Rodriguez, Supercritical fluid CO2 extraction as an alternative methodfor moisture determination in plutonium dioxide powders... 

After working with beryllium I moved on to study nuclear reactor fabrication. In this study I worked on determining the surface area, size and shape distributions of uranium dioxide and plutonium dioxide powders used to fabricate fuel rods. Looking back I see that my initiation into powder technology was a baptism of fire since all of these powders were extremely toxic and dangerous. The technology that I studied in those years is currently very applicable to the study of modern ceramic materials and powder metallurgical routes to finished products [1,2]. 

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