Platinum compounds cisplatin analogues

A substantial body of literature documents the side effects of platinum compounds. The nephrotoxicity of the parent compound cisplatin almost led to its abandonment, until Cvitkovic et al. introduced aggressive hydration, which prevented the development of acute renal failure [2] [3], As noted above, the toxicity of cisplatin was a driving force both in the search for less toxic analogues and for more effective treatments for its side effects, especially nausea and vomiting. 

Although thousands of cisplatin analogues have been synthesized and screened only about 28 platinum compounds have entered clinical trials as anticancer agents [6,9]. Of these only four are currently approved. Those approved are cisplatin (Scheme 8.22), carboplatin (Scheme 8.23), oxaliplatin (Scheme 8.24), andnedapla-tin (Scheme 8.25). Only the first two are commercially available for general use in the treatment of cancer. 

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and other platinum analogues were the first coordination compounds to show anticancer properties. Not surprisingly, that serendipitous discovery inspired a search for other such compounds. The palladium analogues of cisplatin had no such parallel properties, but some titanium and molybdenum asymmetrically substituted acetylacetonato complexes did. Ruthenium complexes were the next such breakthrough. First the cis-tetraamminedichlororuthenium(III) chloride and fac-triamminetrichlororuthenium(III) showed excellent anticancer... 

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