Plasminogen activator staphylokinase

Although staphylokinase shows no significant homology with streptokinase, it induces a thrombolytic effect by a somewhat similar mechanism it also forms a 1 1 stoichiometric complex with plasminogen. The proposed mechanism by which staphylokinase induces plasminogen activation... 

Collen, D. Lijnen, H. (1994). Staphylokinase, a fibrin-specific plasminogen activator with therapeutic potential Blood 84(3), 680-686. 

Jespers, L., et ah, Structural and functional basis of plasminogen activation by staphylokinase. Thromb Haemost 1999, 81, 479-485. 

Sazonova, I.Y., et al., alpha Domain deletion converts streptokinase into a fibrin-dependent plasminogen activator through mechanisms akin to staphylokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem 2004, 279, 24994—25001. 

Thrombosis is one of the most common and devastating diseases. Fibrinolytic enzymes are effectively in treating thrombosis. A variety of fibrinolytic enzymes, such as UK, streptokinase (SK), recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), staphylokinase (SAK) and recombinant prourokinase (pro-UK), have been studied as thrombolytic agents [67,68]. In general, these agents are administered via intravenous injection, and their limitations include fast clearance, lack of resistance to re-occlusion, bleeding complications and other adverse effects [67]. 

Fibrinolysins are produced by both staphylococci (staphylokinase) and streptococci (streptokinase). These toxins dissolve fibrin clots, formed by the host around wounds and lesions to seal them, by indirect activation of plasminogen, thereby increasing the likelihood of organism spread. Streptokinase m be employed elinieally in conjunction with streptodomase (Chapter 25) in the treatment of thrombosis. 

Another way for S. aureus to inhibit phagocytosis is via the production of Staphylokinase (SAK) (16 kDa). SAK targets plasminogen (PLG) on the bacterial sur ce and activates it into plasmin (PL). PL can cleave two major opsonic molecules, IgG (at the hinge region) and C3b. It was shown that the conversion of PLG to PL by SAK leads to removal of IgG and C3b on the bacterial surface. Thus, SAK impairs both IgG and complement dependent phagocytosis by human neutrophils. ... 

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