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Pituitary gland Neuropeptides

Guenther, S., Roempp, A., Kummer, W., and Spengler, B. (2011) AP-MALDI imaging of neuropeptides in mouse pituitary gland with 5 pm spatial resolution and high mass accuracy. Int. [Pg.165]

Figure 18.2. Endocrine-immune inter-relationship in normal subject. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a feedback loop that includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands. The main hormones that activate the HPA axis are corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The loop is completed by the negative feedback of cortisol on the hypothalamus and pituitary. The simultaneous release of cortisol into the circulation has a number of effects, including elevation of blood glucose for increased metabolic demand. Cortisol also negatively affects the immune system and prevents the release of immunotransmitters. Interference from other brain regions (e.g. hippocampus and amygdala) can also modify the HPA axis, as can neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Figure 18.2. Endocrine-immune inter-relationship in normal subject. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a feedback loop that includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands. The main hormones that activate the HPA axis are corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The loop is completed by the negative feedback of cortisol on the hypothalamus and pituitary. The simultaneous release of cortisol into the circulation has a number of effects, including elevation of blood glucose for increased metabolic demand. Cortisol also negatively affects the immune system and prevents the release of immunotransmitters. Interference from other brain regions (e.g. hippocampus and amygdala) can also modify the HPA axis, as can neuropeptides and neurotransmitters.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive nerve fibres were demonstrated in the rat pineal gland (M0ller et al. 1999). In the superficial pineal grand, the concentration of PACAP-27 was only about 3 % of the concentration of PACAP-38. PACAP is able to upregul-ate neuropeptide Y in neurones of the superior cervical ganglia (May and Braas 1995, Braas and May 1996). Because neuropeptide Y stimulated me-... [Pg.526]

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Pituitary

Pituitary gland

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