Pipes, strengthening

Dispersion-strengthened lead (DSL), obtained by a uniform dispersion of lead oxide through the lead particle matrix, has the traditional corrosion resistance of lead but much greater stiffness. DSL is fabrieated as pipe and other extruded items, but has a limited applieation for proeess plant construction because the welding technique does not provide adequate strengths in joints. 

The nitrator sketched in Fig. 143 is a cylindrical stoneware vessel of internal diameter 1.1m and depth 0.4 m, strengthened with an iron belt. Its conical bottom is fitted with an outlet pipe. A three-way valve is provided for evacuating and filling the vessel with acid. Inside the vessel there is a perforated stoneware plate to support the cotton charge. Twenty five to twenty nine centimeters above this plate supports carry a perforated aluminium plate 15 mm thick, which acts as a false... 

In the reactor, the liquid/vapor interface is a corrosion-prone area. This section can be strengthened by attaching a sacrificial plate to the liner. Reactor outlet piping and let-down valves are subjected to erosion corrosion from the pressure reduction across the valve and from high fluid velocities in pipelines88. 

When the feed can contain vapor, the tray sections and baffles that contact the entering feed can be subjected to abnormally high forces. To avoid structural damage, these sections and baffles should be strengthened. Also, the feed pipe should be anchored to the tower shell. 

---