Pipeline bundle

By 1993, the structure of the interstate pipeline industi y had undergone dramatic changes. The interstates, which once had acted as both transporters and merchants of natural gas, bundling the sale and transmission of gas into one sei"vice, were required to separate these seiwices and give pipeline customers the opportunity to contract for only those services they needed. 

Modem Flow Assurance Methods, Part III Coupled Velocity and Temperature Fields in Bundled Pipelines, Offshore, Nov. 2000... 

Gidropress according to the Russian norms. The Russian designer and manufacturer made the feed water pipelines (secondary side) from carbon steel (GOST norms 20K and 22K). The water inlet pipe was connected to the T-junction. From this point, two pipelines with nozzles distributed the cooling secondary water within the space between the primary pipes. Several problems that had occurred in other NPPs were published in [195,197,198,203]. One disadvantage of such steam generators is the poor accessibility to the T-junction and the pipes in the bundle. 

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