Pinching off

Fig. 12. NMOSFET operated (a) in the linear (low drain voltage) region, where S is the grounded source contact,jy is the distance from source to drain, and dis differential increase and (b) at the onset of the saturation region, V-q = V-q The point Yindicates the channel pinch-off point. For Uq point...

Abklingzeit,/. decay period, abklopfen, v.t. beat beat off, knock off scale off (Med.) percuss, abklbren, v.t. boil out (for redyeing). abkoalleUt v.t. go off, explode. — v.t. fire off. abkneifen, v.t. pinch off, nip off. abknicken, v.t. bend (sharply) crack or snap off. 

The result can be simplified by making use of the above-defined pinch-off voltage [Eq. (14.54)1 and dielectric capacitance of the semiconducting layer. Further simplifications result from the assumptions that Cs 2> C, (Eq. (14.57)), and that the dopant and carrier concentrations arc equal (Eq. (14.58)). 

Step 3 The bud pinches off in a process involving acyl-CoA—and probably ATP—to complete the formation of the coated vesicle. 

Illustration Satellite formation in capillary breakup. The distribution of drops produced upon disintegration of a thread at rest is a unique function of the viscosity ratio. Tjahjadi et al. (1992) showed through inspection of experiments and numerical simulations that up to 19 satellite drops between the two larger mother drops could be formed. The number of satellite drops decreased as the viscosity ratio was increased. In low-viscosity systems p < 0(0.1)] the breakup mechanism is self-repeating Every pinch-off results in the formation of a rounded surface and a conical one the conical surface then becomes bulbous and a neck forms near the end, which again pinches off and the process repeats (Fig. 21). There is excellent agreement between numerical simulations and the experimental results (Fig. 21). 

Consequently, if the free ions in the soil water are leached out, the double layers swell tremendously, pinching off flow paths and resulting in very low hydraulic conductivity. Data have shown hydraulic conductivity to be as much as two to three orders of magnitude lower when measured with distilled water than with other kinds of water. For this reason, distilled water should not be used in testing the hydraulic conductivity of a clay liner. 

Great care is taken that we design blow molds to avoid thin or weak regions that could result in premature failure. Molds are designed to avoid excessive draw into corners that would result in locally thin areas. For this reason, blow molded products invariably have rounded corners. Another potential source of weakness is the pinch-off line. To compensate for this fact, it is common to program the parison to produce a thickened base. 

The third of the cellular elements within the blood are the platelets (thrombocytes). Platelets are actually small, round or oval cell fragments. They are about 2 to 4 pm in diameter and have no nuclei. Platelets are formed in the red bone marrow as pinched-off portions of the very large megakaryocytes. Each megakaryocyte, which is confined to the bone marrow, can produce... 

Excessive frothing in the filter flask is easily checked by pinching off the suction tube from time to time. 

In the classic model of synaptic vesicle recycling in nerve terminals, synaptic vesicles fuse completely with the plasma membrane and the integrated vesicle proteins move away from the active zone to adjacent membrane regions (Fig. 9-9A). In these regions, clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis takes place rapidly after neurotransmitter release (within seconds) [64]. The process starts with the formation of a clathrin-coated pit that invaginates toward the interior of the cell and pinches off to form a clathrin-coated vesicle [83]. Coated vesicles are transient organelles that rapidly shed their coats in an ATP/chaperone dependent process. Once uncoated, the recycled vesicle fuses with a local EE for reconstitution as a synaptic vesicle. Subsequently, the recycled synaptic vesicle is filled with neurotransmitter and it returns to the release site ready for use. This may be the normal pathway when neurotransmitter release rates are modest. Clathrin/ EE-based pathways become essential when synaptic proteins have been incorporated into the presynaptic plasma membrane. 

In the saturation region, at and above the pinch-off point, neglecting the effective channel length change due to the Vds value, due to the condition OIds/OVds = 0(thusVDs = Vgs—Vt), this equation becomes ... 

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