Piezoresponse force microscopy pfm

As previously shown [26,27] 7 covers the regime between 0 7 1. Thus the inverse piezoelectric effect always dominates the overall interaction in pfm. Therefore, pfm effectively reveals the local polarization distribution close to the sample surface [11,21,22,28,29], 

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Piezoresponse force microscopy (pfm) [11] and Kelvin probe force microscopy (kpfm) [9] were applied to deduce the polarization and local electric potential distribution over the whole cross section of the pzt sample (see Figure 12.3 and Figure 12.4) under static conditions as well as after switching. The details of our setup are described elsewhere [9,11],... 

Parasitic capacitance 176 Payne effect 5, 8, 33, 45, 60, 78 Percolation 33,35 -, threshold 35-36, 41 Permittivity 41-42 Piezoactivity 174 Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) 191... 

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